<span>Cigarette smoke contains thousands of man-made substances, and many may contribute to addiction inflammation. This study examined the effect synbiotics on Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) inflammatory markers in Thai smokers. 14 smokers with a Nicotine Dependence Test scores 4 or higher no pregnancy lactation history participated this study. We gave them surveys about ...

The heart and the gut seem to be two organs that do not have much in common. However, there is an obvious and clinically relevant impact of gut functions on the absorption of drugs and oral therapies on the one hand. On the other hand, the gut determines the quantity of nutrient uptake and plays a central role in metabolic diseases. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases appear to have a hig...

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a multi-organ disease with increasing evidence for the involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) system in this syndrome. In recent research, the gut has received very little attention from cardiologists as its role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is poorly understood. Intestinal ischaemia may play an important role in bacterial translocation by incre...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the evidence linking gut bacteria, endotoxin, and its circulating levels with inflammatory induced obesity and metabolic disease (metabolic endotoxaemia). RECENT FINDINGS Gut flora analyses have allowed gut microbiota signatures (GMS) to be observed in animal studies of obesity/metabolic disease. In these studies, specific GMS result in a change in obesi...