PREMISE OF THE STUDY Relationships of leaf size and shape (physiognomy) with climate have been well characterized for woody non-monocotyledonous angiosperms (dicots), allowing the development of models for estimating paleoclimate from fossil leaves. More recently, petiole width of seed plants has been shown to scale closely with leaf mass. By measuring petiole width and leaf area in fossils, le...

BACKGROUND Leaf width is an important agricultural trait in maize. Leaf development is dependent on cell proliferation and expansion, and these processes exhibit polarity with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the leaf. However, the molecular mechanism of the genetic control of seed vigor remains unknown in maize, and a better understanding of this mechanism is required. METH...

cold roll-forming is a process in which the roll of sheet is formed by passing continuously through the set of rotary rollers without changing thickness in a cool way until it is formed to the desired profile. in this paper a parametric study on the section twist angle in roll-forming the non-symmetric channel is presented, using finite element simulation. at first finite element simulation res...

Abstract In hyperbolic geometry there are several concepts to measure the breadth or width of a convex set. first part paper we collect them and compare their properties. Than introduce new concept thickness body. Correspondingly, define three classes bodies, bodies constant with, diameter having shadow property, respectively. We prove that property follows fulfilment both stronger as width. la...

BACKGROUND Penumbra characteristics play a significant role in dose delivery accuracy for radiation therapy. For treatment planning, penumbra width and radiation field offset strongly influence target dose conformity and organ at risk sparing. METHODS In this study, we present an analytical and numerical approach for evaluation of the rounded leaf end effect on penumbra characteristics. Based...

A four-leaf steel spring used in the rear suspension system of light vehicles is analyzed using ANSYS V5.4 software. The finite element results showing stresses and deflections verified the existing analytical and experimental solutions. Using the results of the steel leaf spring, a composite one made from fiberglass with epoxy resin is designed and optimized using ANSYS. Main consideration is ...

for study the effect of arbuscularmycorrhiza fungi a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with four replications was carried out in the summer of 1389 at the agricultural research station in city of zahak. the experiment included two factors; the first factor was inoculated glomus mossea mycorrhiza and no-inoculated one. the second factor was in four varieties of corn: s.c...