* Corresponding author address: Tom Greenwald, CIMSS, University of Wisconsin, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706-1695; e-mail: [email protected]. Cloud liquid water path (LWP) observed over the oceans by microwave sensors is one of only a handful of physical cloud parameters measured from space. These observations have had some use in, e.g., climate studies (Greenwald et al. 1995, Zuidema ...

The deployment of the U.S. Atmospheric Radiation Measurement mobile facility in Shouxian from May to December 2008 amassed the most comprehensive set of measurements of atmospheric, surface, aerosol, and cloud variables in China. This deployment provided a unique opportunity to investigate the aerosol–cloud interactions, which are most challenging and, to date, have not been examined to any gre...

Important aspects of the adjustments to aerosol-cloud interactions can be examined using relationship between cloud droplet number concentration (Nd) and liquid water path (LWP). Specifically, this relation constrain role aerosols in leading thicker or thinner clouds response adjustment mechanisms. This study investigates satellite retrieved Nd LWP for a selected case mid-...

Concurrent measurements of abaxial and adaxial stomatal resistance and leaf-water potentials of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field and growth chamber show that the stomata on the 2 surfaces of the leaflet react differently to water deficit. The stomata on the abaxial surface, which are about 7 times more numerous than on the adaxial surface, are not significantly affected at leaf-w...

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of N nutrition and water stress on stomatal behavior and CO(2) exchange rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Olaf). Wheat plants were grown hydroponically with high (100 milligrams per liter) and low (10 milligrams per liter) N. When plants were 38 days old, a 24-day water stress cycle was begun. A gradual increase in nutrient solution osmo...

The Twomey effect of enhanced cloud droplet concentration, optical depth, and albedo caused by anthropogenic aerosols is thought to contribute substantially to radiative forcing of climate change over the industrial period. However, present model-based estimates of this indirect forcing are highly uncertain. Satellite-based measurements would provide global or near-global coverage of this effec...

abstract drought is the most important factor limiting crop yield word wide. osmotic adjustment (oa) and strong and deep root system result in increased cereal drought tolerance through increasing water uptake and water use efficiency. the impact of root structure and physiological traits on drought stress response was studied in three barley cultivars including yousof (drought tolerant), moroc...

Satellites are useful for monitoring climatological parameters over large domains. They are especially useful for measuring various cloud microphysical and radiative parameters where ground-based instruments are not available. The geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) has been used to retrieve cloud and radiative properties over an extended domain centered on the Atmospheric ...

The implementation of an operational network of microwave radiometers is presently hampered by the cost and complexity of the available instruments. For this reason, the definition and design of a low-cost microwave radiometer suitable for automatic, high-quality observations of liquid water path (LWP) were one objective of the BALTEX cloud liquid water network: CLIWA-NET. In the course of the ...

in order to evaluate of morphological, physiological and biochemical traits, related to drought tolerance, an experiment was carried out in field condition. in this study two commercial cultivars (mcc361, mcc358), three kabuli and three deci type of tolerant genotypes (mcc392, mcc537, mcc696, mcc873, mcc870, mcc10,) and three kabuli and three deci type of susceptible genotypes (mcc759, mcc588, ...