For superficial lesions, the electrons may be used for radiation therapy. The high energy photons and electrons are produced by a Linear accelerator (Linac). Many of electron fields need the shielding of normal or critical organs. The electron shields are usually lead slabs with few millimeter thicknesses which should be placed near the skin, less than 1 cm away from skin. In the inspection of ...

The tongue repositioning manoeuvre has been demonstrated to lead to a closed rest position of orofacial structures with increased contact of the velum with the tongue and a contact position of the tongue at the hard palate. Within the multifactorial etiology of snoring, the tongue repositioning manoeuvre was used as training method in conjunction with pressure indicating oral shields to reduce ...

background: gonad shielding has been recommended during pelvic x-rays since the 1950s. the popular method of gonad shielding is placement a lead shield in the midline of the pelvis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and utility of gonad shielding in pediatrics undergoing pelvic x-rays.materials and methodsfollowing study approval, we retrospectively retrieved data from the di...

Radiation exposure dosimetry for the personnel is based on measurements of phantom studies. To determine effective dose values for different X-ray equipment, TLD-measurements were performed using an Alderson Phantom in the patient position and a second phantom in the typical position of the personnel. Various types of protective clothing as well as fixed shields were considered in the calculati...

Introduction Most of the nuclear imaging systems require the use of a gamma (γ)-ray radiation shield to attenuate a stream of γ-rays so that only those traveling in a specified direction are allowed through and to absorb the scattered γ-rays from out of interest regions [1-2]. To meet those requirements, a γ-ray radiation shield is usually made out of lead (Pb) or some other high Z material suc...

The well-known doctoral work of Shields is a tale that is frequently recounted by many authors and has spawned a large, continuing body of research over the last 60 years. Despite the success of Shields’ work, the details of his experimental methods and results as reported by others are quite variable. Inconsistencies and misconceptions regarding Shields’ work are identified and examined here. ...

conclusions comprehensive protection programs with on-the-job training courses for staff members are strongly recommended, as well as, the provision of radiological shields and gonad shielding protocols in radiology departments to reduce the patient’s radiation dose during radiological examinations. materials and methods a retrospective, observational cross-sectional study on the application of...

We present a simple design of electromagnetic shields for both field expelling and field confinement. Motivated by the concept of neutral inclusions in the theory of composites, we introduce two concepts of neutral shells, and use neutral shells to construct our designs of electromagnetic shields. We also discuss the relationships between electromagnetic shields and cloaking structures and argu...

The first use of electron spin resonance for the study of radiation effects on the nucleic acids and their constituents was made by Shields and Gordy', 2on powdered samples. Quantitative measurements of the free-radical yield in powdered samples have recently been made by Muller.3 In an effort to gain more specific information with this method about the effects of radiation on these genetically...