The effects of link annotations on user search performance in hypertext environments having deep (layered) and shallow link structures were investigated in this study. Four environments were tested—layered-annotated, layered-unannotated, shallow-annotated, and shallow-unannotated. A single document was divided into 48 sections, and layered and unlayered versions were created. Additional version...

Given an uncountable regular cardinal κ, a partial order is κstationarily layered if the collection of regular suborders of P of cardinality less than κ is stationary in Pκ(P). We show that weak compactness can be characterized by this property of partial orders by proving that an uncountable regular cardinal κ is weakly compact if and only if every partial order satisfying the κ-chain conditio...

this paper investigates the lateral vibration of single-layered graphene sheets based on a new theory called doublet mechanics with a length scale parameter. after a brief reviewing of doublet mechanics fundamentals, a sixth order partial differential equation that governs the lateral vibration of single-layered graphene sheets is derived. using doublet mechanics, the relation between natural f...

We describe a multi-layered behavior based agent architecture which has been applied to the Robocup domain. Upper layers are used to control the activation and priority of behaviors in layers below, and only the lowest layer interacts directly with the server. The layered approach seems to simplify behavior management. In particular it provides an approach for implementing high level strategic ...

The classical view of artificial intelligence (AI) is tied down by a number of problems. These problems indicate that it might be fruitful to approach AI applications, including spoken dialogue systems, in an alternative way. This paper overviews current attempts to apply the idea of layered behavior-based architectures in dialogue system development. It is concluded that there are both theoret...

The goal of this paper is to discuss how adaptive search systems should be evaluated. We argue that a state-of-the art evaluation of adaptive search systems should follow a “layered evaluation” approach. To support and explain this argument we describe how layered approach was applied to evaluation of adaptive search component of Knowledge Sea II system that is powered by a social navigation su...

This paper presents a disk-based explicit state model checking algorithm that uses an approach called layered duplicate detection. In this approach, states encountered during a breadth-first traversal of the graph of the transition system are stored in memory according to the layer of the graph in which they are first encountered. With this layered organization of memory, transition locality is...

– We consider the phase diagram of a classical fluid in the presence of a random pinning potential of arbitrary strength. Introducing replicas for averaging over the quenched disorder, we use the hypernetted chain approximation to calculate the correlations in the replicated liquid. The freezing transition of the liquid into a nearly crystalline state is studied using a density functional appro...

in this paper, based on soil plasticity and pseudo-static methods, necessary equations have been derived for determination of total active thrusts due to layered backfill on rigid retaining walls using limit equilibrium approach. for this purpose, the reaction force applied on the failed wedge due to granular backfill has been determined using kotter’s equations. the total lateral thrust and th...

Self-organisation has emerged as a very promising approach to the design, deployment, operation, control and evolution of complex wireless networks. The dominant strictly layered design style may however not be able to accommodate many useful optimisations, and we conjecture that cross-layer design may offer a more promising approach. In support of this conjecture we demonstrate through simulat...