Dome-forming eruption is a frequent eruptive style and a major hazard on numerous volcanoes worldwide. Lava domes are built by slow extrusion of degassed, viscous magma and may be destroyed by gravitational collapse or explosion. The triggering of lava dome explosions is poorly understood: here we propose a new model of superficial lava-dome explosivity based upon a textural and geochemical stu...

Accurate forecasts of lava flow length rely on estimates of eruption andmagma properties and, potentially more challengingly, on an understanding of the relative influence of characteristics such as the apparent viscosity, the yield strength of the flow core, or the strength of the lava’s surface crust. For basaltic lavas, the relatively high frequency of eruptions has resulted in numerous oppo...

The primary objective of this study was to map the distribution and abundance of firetree (Myrica faya) in the state of Hawai`i. Reconnaissance data were used to map 85,912 a (34,365 ha) of infestation throughout the State. Infestations of 72,265 a (28,906 ha) occur on the island of Hawai`i, 4,770 a (1,908 ha) on Maui, 2,518 a (1,007 ha) on Lana`i, 435 a (174 ha) on O`ahu, and 5,925 a (2,370 ha...

Nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes (ND1, ND2, COI, and tRNAs) were determined for 38 samples representing 15 taxa of tropidurid lizards from the Galapagos Islands and mainland South America. Phylogenetically informative characters (759 of 1,956) were analyzed under Bayesian, maximum likelihood, and parsimony frameworks. This study supports the hypothesis that tropidurid lizards dispers...

Correlations that allow determination of gas film mass transfer coefficients (kGat , kGaw) and liquid film mass transfer coefficients (kLaw) for packing materials used in biofilters and biotrickling filters for air pollution control are presented. Lava rock, polyurethane foam cubes (PUF), Pall rings, porous ceramic beads, porous ceramic Raschig rings, and various compost–woodchips mixtures were...

Observations of terrestrial examples of lava and ice interaction have been combined with laboratory simulations to provide a framework for investigating lava and ice interaction on Mars. Identification of largeand small-scale characteristic features will indicate whether large quantities of meltwater were trapped or whether lava flow confinement occurred. These features should also enable the d...

Introduction: In 1997 the Galileo spacecraft observed a huge eruption at Pillan, on the jovian satellite Io, which emplaced at least 56 km of lava which covering more than 5000 km in less than 200 days [1-3]. By considering varying effusion rate QF following the treatment of Wadge (1981) [4], we estimate peak values of QF in the range 1.87 x 10 to 5.94 x 10 m s. This is in the range proposed fo...

Numerical modelling is a major challenge in the prevention of risks related to the occurrence of catastrophic phenomena. A Cellular Automata methodology was developed for modelling large scale (extended for kilometres) dangerous surface flows of different nature such as lava flows, pyroclastic flows, debris flows, rock avalanches, etc. This paper presents VALANCA, a first version of a Cellular ...

[1] Ground surface tilts recorded proximal to a growing lava dome, and sustained through repeated dome collapses, provide unique geodetic constraints on the depth, size, and overpressures of the shallow magmatic system at Soufrière Hills Volcano. Tilt records identify a single pressure-source inflating with periods 3–30 h. Sustained tilt amplitude ratios for paired stations identify the pressur...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of two bioswales eight years after construction in Davis, California. The treatment bioswale measured 9 m × 1 m × 1 m (L ×W × D). Engineered soil mix (75% native lava rock and 25% loam soil) replaced the native loam soil. Four Red Tip Photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) trees and two Blueberry Muffin Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino) shrubs...