Construction of column-supported embankments (CSEs) with unreinforced high-modulus elements is now common practice to accelerate fill placement. These brittle columns are susceptible column fracturing and CSE designs often limit the degree lateral spreading such that tensile rupture will not occur, which stems from salient concerns may trigger uncontrolled and/or cessation intended vertical loa...

By modeling synthetic Pn amplitudes in 2007, my colleagues and I proposed a Pn geometric-spreading model (Y2007) that takes into account the spherical shape of the Earth. In this study, we used a set of observed Pn amplitudes from the tectonically active regions of Asia to evaluate the performance of Y2007 and to develop new, observation-based Pn spreading models. Even though Y2007 provides imp...

Spreading of liquids and soft solids on a rigid surface in a surrounding liquid medium is investigated by utilizing the lateral sensitivity of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). While the QCM has been used extensively to study systems with spatial variations in the direction normal to the crystal's electrodes, few studies have exploited the QCM's ability to sense changes in loading in the p...

A = constant b = vortex spacing C = constant to adjust turbulent spreading q = rms turbulence velocity R = mean radius T = parameter for vortex age t = time u = axial velocity v = lateral velocity w = descent speed y = spanwise coordinate, positive for port vortex z = vertical coordinate, positive pointing upwards = circulation = eddy dissipation rate = standard deviation = (effective) kinemati...