The use of an osteocutaneous free fibular graft as a single-stage reconstructive procedure for composite tissue loss is increasingly common. Detailed anatomical study in cadavers of the blood supply to the graft demonstrates cutaneous arteries arising from the peroneal artery and then passing along the posterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum. These vessels pierce the crural fascia...

To demonstrate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not a neurodegenerative disease. The patient, a 33-year-old man began with symptoms of the bulbar form of ALS, characterized by burning pain in both feet during two months and then, he presented right crural monoparesis, fasciculations, slight dysarthria and he walked with help of orthopedic devices. A preoperative MRI scans showed athe...

The esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is guarded by two sphincters, a smooth muscle lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and a skeletal muscle crural diaphragm. These two sphincters relax simultaneously under certain physiological conditions, i.e., swallowing, belching, vomiting, transient LES relaxation, and esophageal distension. Esophageal distension-induced crural diaphragm relaxation is mediated ...

Abstract Bochdalek hernia (BH) represents the herniation of abdominal visceral components through a discontinuity between lateral (costal) and posterior (crural) diaphragm. With an incidence directly proportional to age, it is rare in adults, with reported frequencies specialized literature ranging from 0.17% 6% all diaphragmatic hernias, most common type congenital hernia, affecting left hemid...

Ankle fractures are the most frequent accounting for 10% of all fractures, having an incidence about 184/100,000 per year. Moreover, after external rotation or dorsiflexion injuries, syndesmotic disruption typically occurs at ankle. The physiologic normality joint gets affected a transverse screw fixation, which decreases magnitude motion lower extremes tibia and fibula, reducing contact forces...