BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The degree of protective cooling required during laser therapy to achieve an optimal result is unknown. The expression of heat shock proteins, Hsp47 and Hsp70, were examined in the epidermis and dermis as biomarkers to quantify the degree and depth of tissue affected by non-ablative laser treatment using variable protective cooling parameters. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS ...

The goal of the work reported here is the perfection of a powerful laser based on the coherent annihilation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of positronium, the hydrogen-like atoms formed from bound electronpositron pairs. We have made progress in several areas that takes us closer to our goal. Specifically we report (I) advances in positron storage and manipulation techniques; (II) Development of...

We present recent results of our experiments on laser cooling of fast stored ion beams at the Heidelberg Test Storage Ring. The longitudinal motion of the ions is directly cooled by the light pressure force, whereas eecient transverse cooling is obtained indirectly by longitudinal-transverse coupling mechanisms. Laser cooling in novel bunch forms consisting of square-well buckets leads to longi...

Narrow line laser cooling is advancing the frontier for experiments ranging from studies of fundamental atomic physics to high precision optical frequency standards. In this paper, we present an extensive description of the systems and techniques necessary to realize 689 nm S0P1 narrow line cooling of atomic Sr. Narrow line cooling and trapping dynamics are also studied in detail. By controllin...

– We propose a laser cooling scheme that allows to cool a single atom confined in a harmonic potential to the trap ground state |0〉. The scheme assumes strong confinement, where the oscillation frequency in the trap is larger than the effective spontaneous decay width, but is not restricted to the Lamb–Dicke limit, i.e. the size of the trap ground state can be larger than the optical wavelength...

   Self-heating leads to a temperature rise of the laser diode and limits the output power and efficiency due to increased loss and decreased differential gain. To control device self-heating, it is required to design the laser structure with a low optical loss, while the heat flux must spread out of the device efficiently. In this study, a new asymmetric waveguide design is proposed and th...

A new approach is proposed for 3-D laser cooling of solids. Stimulated Raman scattering on a narrowband electronic transition is used in conjunction with 1-photon optical pumping on a broadband transition to provide a mechanism that cools all the vibrational modes of solids while conserving energy and momentum, photon by photon. The individual steps in the 2-photon Raman process are 4f–5d and 5...

We review the progress on laser cooling of solids. Laser cooling of ion-doped solids and semiconductors is based on the anti-Stokes fluorescence, where the emitted photons have a mean energy higher than that of the absorbed photons. The thermodynamic analysis shows that this cooling process does not violate the second law, and that the achieved efficiency is much lower than the theoretical limi...

OBJECTIVE This investigation evaluated the variation of the intrapulpal temperature when dentine was irradiated by the Er:YAG laser. BACKGROUND DATA The effect of preparation with the Er:YAG laser on the intrapulpal temperature is probably the biggest problem in using the laser for preparation of dental hard tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two bovine incisors were studied that had the...

The eradication of Trichophyton rubrum has been attempted via laser irradiation because it could result advantageous relative to current clinical therapies. Anticipating that the necessary thermal effects could unintentionally damage the underlying toe dermal layer, we have explored two auxiliary approaches: (a) laser irradiation under vacuum pressure, with and without water dousing and, (b) co...