Because laser applications are found in a wide variety of scientific and engineering disciplines, the dynamics of wavefields associated with laser beams are of special interest in the undergraduate physics curricula. One problem arises when a laser beam is to be shaped to a particular profile. For most applications, it is desirable that most of the laser energy be confined to a small spot. Many...

studying gaussian beam is a method to investigate laser beam propagation and abcd matrix is a fast and simple method to simulate gaussian beam propagation in different mediums. of the abcd matrices studied so far, reflection and refraction matrices at various surfaces have attracted a lot of researches. however in previous work the incident beam and the principle axis of surface are in parallel...

We propose a wearable active camera with a laser pointer (WACL) as human interface devices and its application to telecommunication. The WACL has a laser pointer, which is attached to the active camera-head, and it can point laser beam with elevation and panning of the camera-head. In our system, when a worker wears the WACL, a remote instructor can observe around the worker independently of th...

used in conjunction with or as a replacement for traditional methods, it is expected that specific laser technologies will become an essential component of contemporary dental practice over the next decade. the current review is designed to focus on the acid resistance of laser application and tries to introduce laser settings capable to achieve this feature for clinical application. applicatio...

A tightly focused laser beam (laser wire) is used for measurement of transverse electron beam sizes in storage rings and linear colliders. It is assumed that the laser beam does nothing with the electron beam except Compton scatter-ings which happen with a rather small probability. In reality , electrons crossing the laser beam get kicks (with 100% probability) proportional to the square of the...