نتایج جستجو برای: land form climate precipitation
تعداد نتایج: 995918 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The objective of this research was to identify environmental risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Colombia and map high-risk municipalities. The study area was the Colombian Andean region, comprising 715 rural and urban municipalities. We used 10 years of CL surveillance: 2000-2009. We used spatial-temporal analysis - conditional autoregressive Poisson random effects modelling - in ...
Near-shore coral reef systems are experiencing increased sediment supply due to conversion of forests to other land uses. Counteracting increased sediment loads requires an understanding of the relationship between forest cover and sediment supply, and how this relationship might change in the future. Here we study this relationship by simulating river flow and sediment supply in four watershed...
Well-defined productivity-precipitation relationships of ecosystems are needed as benchmarks for the validation of land models used for future projections. The productivity-precipitation relationship may be studied in two ways: the spatial approach relates differences in productivity to those in precipitation among sites along a precipitation gradient (the spatial fit, with a steeper slope); th...
Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl is a perennial plant that besides fodder and medicinal values the plant can help to control soil erosion. There is little knowledge about the effect of climate change on the Prangos genus especially P. ferulacea. In this study, we used ensemble modeling based on five species distribution models to predict the potential effects of climate change on the future geograp...
Introduction The climate is a complex system that encompasses numerous Earth surface systems, i.e. the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The preponderance of scientific evidence indicates that anthropogenic actions such as excess generation of greenhouse gases are causing serious climatic change. Water is a critical resource to humans, commerce, wildlife, and the ...
It is now well-established that the chaotic nature of the atmosphere severely limits the predictability of weather, while the slowly varying sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface states can enhance the predictability of atmospheric variations through surfaceatmosphere interactions or by providing a boundary condition (e.g., Shukla 1993, 1998; Shukla et al. 2000; Graham et al. 1994; Kos...
Climatic changes are altering Earth's hydrological cycle, resulting in altered precipitation amounts, increased interannual variability of precipitation, and more frequent extreme precipitation events. These trends will likely continue into the future, having substantial impacts on net primary productivity (NPP) and associated ecosystem services such as food production and carbon sequestration....
The world’s ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenic CO2, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grew steadily with increasing CO2 emissions. Recent analyses of the global carbon budget, however, have uncovered an abrupt, substantial (∼ 1 PgC yr) and sustained increase in the land sink in the late 1980s whose origin remains unclear. In the absence of this pr...
Forested watersheds, an important provider of ecosystems services related to water supply, can have their structure, function, and resulting streamflow substantially altered by land use and land cover. Using a retrospective analysis and synthesis of long-term climate and streamfiow data (75 years) from six watersheds differing in management histories we explored whether streamflow responded dif...
Diurnal (or sub-daily) variations are large in many surface and atmospheric fields such as solar radiation, surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, surface temperature and winds, atmospheric convection, and precipitation. These diurnal variations are especially important in air-land and air-sea interactions, which are highly non-linear and thus can not be resolved using daily mean values. Curr...
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