The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is one of the first ISO spatial domain standards, and has been proven one of the best candidates for unambiguously representing 3D Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities. Consequently, multiple LADM-based country profile implementations have been developed since the approval of LADM as an ISO standard; however, there is still a gap for technical im...

An important government activity of all nation states is building and maintaining a land administration system (LAS) with the primary objective of supporting an efficient and effective land market. This includes cadastral surveys to identify and subdivide land, land registry systems to support simple land trading (buying, selling, mortgaging and leasing land) and land information systems to fac...

New Zealand has a legal 3D cadastre, and has done since the inception of its cadastral survey and tenure systems around 150 years ago. However, the digital representation of the cadastre is 2D with 3D situations handled via static plan, section and elevation images and supporting textual information. Work is currently underway to develop a 3D digital cadastre that will enable the 3D spatial ext...

The objective of this study is to survey natural resources and to assess environmental changes induced by human activities (industrial, socio-economic, and recreational) and the associated impacts on Manifah and Tanagib coastal zones in eastern Saudi Arabia. A review of the relevant literature was carried out at both the local and regional levels, in order to define the characteristics of the c...

Reclaiming subsidence and waterlogged zones caused by coal mining to maintain food feed supplies is an urgent issue in China. Utilizing gangue (CG) as a filling matrix construct different profiles of reclaimed land has downsides, e.g., due its low conservative capability water-fertilizer crop yield, lack quantitative evaluation soil quality, limiting factors growth. Quantifying the quality prin...