Bovine lactic acidosis syndrome is associated with large increases of lactic acid in the rumen, which result from diets that are high in ruminally available carbohydrates, or forage that is low in effective fiber, or both. The syndrome involves two separate anatomical areas, the gastrointestinal tract and body fluids, and is related to the rate and extent of lactic acid production, utilization,...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bicarbonate therapy for severe lactic acidosis remains a controversial therapy. RECENT FINDINGS The most recent 2008 Surviving Sepsis guidelines strongly recommend against the use of bicarbonate in patients with pH at least 7.15, while deferring judgment in more severe acidemia. We review the mechanisms causing lactic acidosis in the critically ill and the scientific rationa...

INTRODUCTION Lactic acidosis is the most common cause of metabolic acidosis in hospitalized patients. It is recognized as a potential complication of metformin use, particularly in patients with risk factors such as renal dysfunction, liver disease, and heavy alcohol ingestion. These conditions are associated with systemic hypoxemia, which may be caused by cardiorespiratory disease, major surge...

This report describes a case of d-lactic acidosis observed by the authors and then reviews all case reports of d-lactic acidosis in the literature in order to define its clinical and biochemical features and pathogenetic mechanisms. The report also reviews the literature on metabolism of d-lactic acid in humans. The clinical presentation of d-lactic acidosis is characterized by episodes of ence...

Lactic acidosis is a very common biological issue for shock patients. Experimental data clearly demonstrate that metabolic acidosis, including lactic acidosis, participates in the reduction of cardiac contractility and in the vascular hyporesponsiveness to vasopressors through various mechanisms. However, the contributions of each mechanism responsible for these deleterious effects have not bee...

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which are used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including hepatic steatosis, lipodystrophy, myopathy, and lactic acidosis. Such adverse effects are postulated to result from the inhibition of mitochondrial DNA gamma polymerase, which causes ...

S ummary: Lactic acidosis is occasionally responsible for metabolic acidosis in diabetics. It may occur in the presence of normal blood levels of the ketone bodies, and such cases are often described as having "non-ketotic diabetic acidosis." Lactic acid may contribute to the metabolic acidosis in patients with true diabetic ketoacidosis, but the blood lactate concentrations in these patients a...

5 l/h) for 16 h (Figure 1), lactic acidosis improved, the haemodynamic situation of the patient stabilized and he was discharged from the ICU. In conclusion, metformin intoxication should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with lactic acidosis in the absence of obvious tissue hypoxia [5]. Only early treatment, even in a suspicious case of metformin intoxication, is able to...

Cardiogenic shock is a leading cause of death in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In a patient with AMI and left ventricular failure, development of lactic acidosis prognosticates a poor outcome. Elevation of lactate level occurs when oxygen delivery to the nutrient capillaries falls below a critical value to maintain cellular aerobic metabolism. Increased metabolic demands, whe...

Probably the most common mechanism by which metformin elevates blood lactate is by inducing catecholamine release in those who regulate or prescribe it. Caution in restricting the use of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been rationalized on the basis of J) its chemical identity as a biguanide, 2) its ability to modify hepatic intermediary metabolism, 3) its administration to i...