in this study, the vertical, transverse and oblique diameters of the spinal cord segments (c1, c6, c12, c18, t1, t4, l1, l4, l6 and l8) and the ratio of gray matter to white matter in chick (l month) and adult (18 months) male ostriches, each group consisted of 3 animals, were measured with standard micrometric method using 6 μm thick sections by light microscope. with advancement of age, the r...

If nerve cells damaged, they cannot be restored by themselves. Agrimonia eupatoria has been used in traditional medicine to heal the wounds and scratch, and dry the scars. Therefore, this herb probably contains compounds with restorative properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the restorative effect of Agrimonia eupatoria on alpha motor neurons of anterior spinal cord. In this ...

Spontaneous cord dorsum potentials (spontaneous CDPs) are produced by the activation of dorsal horn neurons distributed along the L4 to S1 spinal cord segments, in Rexed's laminae III-VI, in the same region in which there are interneurons rhythmically bursting during fictive scratching in cats. An interesting observation is that spontaneous CDPs are not rhythmically superimposed on the sinusoid...

In a recent clinical report, return of the tendon stretch reflex was demonstrated after spinal cord surgery in a case of total traumatic brachial plexus avulsion injury. Peripheral nerve grafts had been implanted into the spinal cord to reconnect to the peripheral nerves for motor and sensory function. The dorsal root ganglia (DRG) containing the primary sensory nerve cells had been surgically ...

bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into neurons and astrocytes after transplantation in the spinal cord injury of rats. although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are known to protect against spinal cord injury through anti-apoptotic effects, but generation of neural stem cells with large number and safety protocols unclear. in the present study, described the differentiation...

In this study, the vertical, transverse and oblique diameters of the spinal cord segments (C1, C6, C12, C18, T1, T4, L1, L4, L6 and L8) and the ratio of gray matter to white matter in chick (l month) and adult (18 months) male ostriches, each group consisted of 3 animals, were measured with standard micrometric method using 6 μm thick sections by light microscope. With advancement of age, the r...

Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) has been extensively used in the past for monosynaptic mapping. For decades, it was thought to lack the ability of transneuronal tracing. In order to investigate whether biotin conjugates of CTB (b-CTB) would pass through transneurons in the rat spinal cord, it was injected into the crushed left sciatic nerve. For experimental control, the first order afferent neur...

objective(s):spinal cord injury (sci) is one of the most serious clinical diseases and its treatment has been a subject of interest to researchers. there are two important therapeutic strategies in the treatment of sci: replacing lost tissue cells through cells implantation and scar elimination. therefore, in this study we used human adipose-derived stem cells (hadscs) implantation and injectio...

OBJECTIVE To determine the location, morphology, and neurochemical code of spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons that innervate the gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and superficial digital flexor muscle (FDSM) in cattle. ANIMALS 5 healthy Friesian male calves. PROCEDURE 2 different types of neuronalretrograde fluorescent tracers (fast blue and diamidino yellow) were injected into the GM and...

The development of motor networks in the spinal cord is partly activity-dependent. We have observed receptor-mediated excitatory effects of two peptides, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), on motor network activity in the neonate. With the use of an en bloc in vitro preparation of mouse spinal cord (2-3 d old), which either was isolated completely or had muscles of the hindlimb left...