One way talkers can increase intelligibility is by producing clear speech. Though clear speech, as opposed to conversational speech (ConvS), generally increases intelligibility (known as the clear speech intelligibility benefit), not all talkers exhibit the same degree of benefit. Ferguson showed that while intelligibility increased across talkers for clear speech, when looking at individual ta...

This paper considers the special challenges facing learners of English in developing country contexts, and asks why a few individuals succeed in achieving competence in English where the majority more understandably fail. While research theory has shed light on individual learner differences such as aptitude, motivation and learning strategies, there has been very little empirical investigation...

the purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, l2 vocabulary knowledge, and l2 vocabulary learning strategies of iranian efl learners. to this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s l2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. at the second stage, ...

The study examined attitudes of 372 first-year bachelor Italian university students towards various aspects foreign-accented speech. data showed that the respondents have generally positive pronunciation teaching, while most divisive statements regarded relative importance studying L2 phonetics and sufficiency comprehensibility in communication. Correlations between these students’ biographical...

L2 speech is often characterized by deviations from standard pronunciation leading native speakers to rate non native speakers as foreigners and to develop discriminatory attitudes against them [1]. Foreign accent reduction would therefore facilitate communication in the modern multilingual societies. Several studies on L2 acquisition and on speech synthesis have emphasized the role of supraseg...

Pyrrolyl squaraines, both dyes and polymers, were first reported in 1965 and since then a fascinating body of work has been produced investigating the chemistry of these interesting molecules. A major aspect of these molecules that makes them so appealing to those researchers who have contributed to this field over the last 50 years is their chemical versatility. In this review, subjects, such ...