Existing research indicates that instructed learners’ L2 proficiency and their metalinguistic knowledge are moderately correlated. However, the operationalization of the construct of metalinguistic knowledge has varied somewhat across studies. Metalinguistic knowledge has typically been operationalized as learners’ ability to correct, describe, and explain L2 errors. More recently, this operati...

This study set out to investigate the distribution of the syntactic properties associatedwith the prodrop parameter by Persian-speaking L2 learners of English in an attemptto examine the (un)attainability of native-like knowledge and (in)accessibility of UGin adult SLA. To do so, 92 participants were assigned into different levels of L2knowledge based on their performances on the Oxford Placeme...

interlanguage pragmatics (ilp) has witnessed a growing body of research in the past two decades. one of the under-explored domains of l2 pragmatics is the role of learning strategies specifically tailored for the development of ilp knowledge. therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the significant interlanguage pragmatic learning strategies (ipls) used by high vs. low l2 pragmatic achi...

People are constrained by their culture and social life when telling stories. A second language learner then cannot be expected to tell stories in the target language without cross-cultural effects that influence the way of narration. The present study examined the role of the first language (L1) and second language (L2) in the organization of narratives by focusing on Persian speakers’ and EFL...

Interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) has witnessed a growing body of research in the past two decades. One of the under-explored domains of L2 pragmatics is the role of learning strategies specifically tailored for the development of ILP knowledge. Therefore, this investigation aimed to determine the significant interlanguage pragmatic learning strategies (IPLS) used by high vs. low L2 pragmatic achi...

We investigate how mood inductions impact the neural processing of emotional adjectives in one’s first language (L1) and a formally acquired second (L2). Twenty-three student participants took part an EEG experiment with two separate sessions. Happy or sad were followed by series individually presented positive, negative, neutral L1 (German) L2 (English) evaluative decisions had to be performed...

The present paper extends a new word sense disambiguation method [9] to the case of adjectives. The method lies at the border between unsupervised and knowledge-based techniques. It performs unsupervised word sense disambiguation based on an underlying Naı̈ve Bayes model, while using WordNet as knowledge source for feature selection. The proposed extension of the disambiguation method makes ampl...

This paper proposes an architecture, called “tower of knowledge”, according to which knowledge may be organised in the form of layers of nouns, verbs, adjectives and sensors. A scheme of interpreting scenes using the tower of knowledge and aspects of utility theory is also proposed. The scheme combines concepts of logic approaches with probability theory to propose a method for object recogniti...

The definiteness feature in English is both LF and PF interpretable while Persian is a language in which this feature is LF-interpretable but PF-uninterpretable. Hence, there is no overt article or morphological inflection in Persian denoting a definite context. Furthermore, Persian partially encodes specificity not definiteness. In definiteness both the speaker and hearer are involved while in...

Lexical knowledge is an important predictor of school success The present study focuses on aspects of the lexical knowledge of bilingual children in both their LI and L2 It not only compares the amount of knowledge they have but also deals with qualitative aspects of their lexical knowledge Data were obtained from 40 bilingual Turkish-Dutch children (9and 11-year-olds) living in the Netherlands...