Transection, lesion and unit recording studies have localized rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms to the pons. Recent work has emphasized the role of pontine cholinergic cells, especially those of the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT). The present study differentiated REM sleep deficits associated with lesions of the PPT from other pontine regions implicated in REM sleep generation, includ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The pattern and distribution of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep changes during development, yet there have been few studies of REM density in children. Although children with obstructive apnea syndrome (OSAS) obstruct primarily during REM sleep, the relationship between REM density and obstructive apnea has not been established for this population. We hypothesized that (i) REM d...

around 75% of civilians have experienced at least one traumatic event in their lives, and this number is considerably higher in many parts of the world, as well as in military veterans and first responders. of those exposed to trauma, 15-25% will develop posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd).  ptsd extracts enormous economic, health, and quality of life cost. thus, it is critical to understand m...

the possibility of bringing action in rem, is a privilege recognized in common law particularly in the maritime regulations of common law countries .on this basis, plaintiff may, subject to specified conditions, bring action against some properties (ship, cargo,…) instead of their owners, in order to enforce many maritime claims and in the case of pronouncing judgment in his or her favor, the j...

acetylcholinesterase (ache) is a large glycoprotein that, aside from its known cholinolytic activity, co-exists with other transmitter systems and possesses other functions. in the present study, the effects of short-term rapid-eye-movement sleep deprivation (rem-sd) on ache activity in the anterior hypothalamic area have been investigated. using the flower-pot method, adult male albino rats we...

The subjective likelihood model [SLiM; McClelland, J. L., & Chappell, M. (1998). Familiarity breeds differentiation: a subjective-likelihood approach to the effects of experience in recognition memory. Psychological Review, 105(4), 734– 760.] and the retrieving effectively from memory model [REM; Shiffrin, R. M., & Steyvers, M. (1997). A model for recognition memory: REM—Retrieving effectively ...

During REM sleep, skeletal muscles are paralyzed in one moment but twitch and jerk in the next. REM sleep twitches are traditionally considered random motor events that result from momentary lapses in REM sleep paralysis [1-3]. However, recent evidence indicates that twitches are not byproducts of REM sleep, but are in fact self-generated events that could function to promote motor learning and...

• Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was first identified by its most obvious feature: rapid eye movements occurring during sleep. In most adult mammals the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the neocortex is low in voltage during REM sleep. The hippocampus exhibits regular high-voltage theta waves throughout REM sleep. • The key brain structure for generating REM sleep is the brainstem, particularly th...

Sleep is regulated by humoral and homeostatic processes. If on one hand chronic elevation of stress hormones impair sleep, on the other hand, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation induces elevation of glucocorticoids and time of REM sleep during the recovery period. In the present study we sought to examine whether manipulations of corticosterone levels during REM sleep deprivation would a...

Three different types of repetitive Eco RI fragments, which comigrate within a visible band of approximately 500 bp at gel electrophoresis of Xenopus laevis DNA Eco RI digests have been cloned and sequenced. These sequences are designated as Repetitive Eco RI Monomers: REM 1, REM 2 and REM 3. The sequences contain direct repeats, inverted repeats and palindromic elements. Genomic organization o...