Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi hubungan perdagangan antar Banten dan Manila tahun 1663-1682 dengan menjawab tiga pertanyaan riset: (1) Bagaimana menjalin dagang Manila, (2) memelihara tersebut dari kontrol VOC, (3) berakhir akibat peperangan Kompeni Belanda. . Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, meliputi empat tahap: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi historiografi. Su...

this study shows that ichonology can be used to refine sequence stratigraphy as well as to interpret the depositional environment of the kalat formation (upper maastrichtian) in the central kopeh- dagh basin (ne iran), dareh-gaz section. field studies and petrography of these deposits led to recognize four lithofacies and nine subfacies that formed in the tidal flat (lithofacies a), lagoon (lit...

Although hypersaline environments pose challenges to life because of the low water content (water activity), many such habitats appear to support eukaryotic microbes. This contribution presents brief reviews of our current knowledge on eukaryotes of water-column haloclines and brines from Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (DHABs) of the Eastern Mediterranean, as well as shallow-water hypersaline m...

at the boundary between jurassic and cretaceous, because of late kimmerian movements, the sea ragressed from many areas of north and cantral iran, and many continental areas rose, which included a number of differentiated basins. the boundary between jurassic and cretaceous in these parts of iran is usually marked by a big diastem or by red, clastic and evaporitic sediments. the whole or part o...

tirgan formation with lower cretaceous age (barremian-aptian) in the kopet-dagh basin consists of carbonate and siliciclastic rocks (calcareous shale and sandstone) which conformably lay between siliciclastic rocks of shurijeh formation below, and marly sarcheshmeh formation at the top. in this study, tirgan formation in two stratigraphic sections of abgarm (77 m in thickness) and sirzar (46 m ...

kashafrud formation, siliciclastic strata, middle jurassic in age, commences with basal fluvio conglomerates. the strata are described in terms of 3 facies association (conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone), which were deposited in a fluvio-deltaic and turbities environments. the basal kashafrud strata at 2 areas (8 sections), in the eastern kopet-dagh basin, consist predominantly of boulder to...

a stratigraphic section from the tirgan formation was selected in arkan village nearby bojnourd city in order to study echinoderm fauna systematically. many specimens of echinoderms, especially toxasteridae which is associated with brachiopods were collected and studied systematically in this paper. microscopie slides were also prepared and studied. all slides contain benthic foraminifers and c...

Lower Cretaceous carbonate successions outcrop extensively along the northern Tethyan margin in Kopet-Dagh (NE Iran) and Yazd Block (Central Iran). These units are not well constraint terms of stratigraphic, sedimentological, geochemical, paleobiogeographic view point. To improve our knowledge, a detailed multidisciplinary study has been presented on two roughly coeval stratigraphic different a...

A biostratigraphic study based on calcareous nannofossils was performed on the chalky limestone from the Abderaz Formation in the Mozduran section (Kopet Dagh basin, NE Iran). Semiquantitative estimates of total nannofossil and single species abundances showed that calcareous nannofossil assemblages are common and their preservation is good. In this study37species have been identified in chalky...

In Western Kopet Dagh, the lower Cretaceous carbonate series contains distinctive assemblages of calcareous algae, chiefly Dasycladales which are primarily studied in this work. Based on the significant presence of certain species, the Zard Formation, assigned to the Valanginian and, in its upper part, to the Hauterivian or base of the Barremian, is subdivided into two intervals, respectively A...