background: the purpose of this study was to investigate the ratio of electromyography (em g) activities of the vastus medialis obliqus (vmo) and vastus lateralis (vl) within seven angles of knee joint range of motion using isometric contraction in open kinetic chain (ok c) and closed kinetic chain (ckc). methods: the dominant knees of 44 healthy female subjects (mean age: 24.84 with range: 20-...

Even purified enzyme preparations are often heterogeneous. For example, preparations of aspartate aminotransferase or cytochrome oxidase can consist of several different forms of the enzyme.  For this reason we consider how different the kinetics of the reactions catalysed by a mixture of forms of an enzyme must be to provide some indication of the characteristics of the species present.  Based...

A novel model consisting of basic micro-processes has been developed on the basis of the classic diffusion theory. It is first time that the concept of exchange rate has been introduced and the growing process of surfactant-mediated epitaxial thin-film growth has been simulated with Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) technique. The results of simulation found that the exchange reaction of RLA model is a...

The study used a vehicle-based driving simulator to evaluate two graphical displays, one showing risk probability in terms of safety margin (Time Headway, TH), and one showing risk severity in terms of Kinetic Energy (KE). Twenty-seven subjects were randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions: Control, TH, and KE. Subjects undertook three driving tasks (ABA design). For the secon...