Environmental law plays a key role in shaping policy for sustainability of social-ecological systems. In particular, the types of legal instruments, institutions, and the response of law to the inherent variability in social-ecological systems are critical. Sustainability likely must occur via the institutions we have in place, combined with alterations in policy and regulation within the conte...

This paper examines voting equilibria in a citizen-candidate model with multiple constituencies. Voters in the constituencies elect representatives into a legislative assembly to make a policy choice. Representatives both make policy proposals and vote on each others’ proposals. The model thus formalizes the distinction between advocated policy and enacted policy in representation problems. Und...

The authors' personal-relational equilibrium model suggests that people come to seek equilibrium in their dedication to personal and relational concerns in that these 2 important needs cannot always be gratified simultaneously. The authors proposed that the experience of personal-relational disequilibrium motivates attempts to restore equilibrium and that achieving equilibrium promotes life sat...

Wenxinia marina Ying et al. 2007 is the type species of the genus Wenxinia, a representative of the Roseobacter group within the alphaproteobacterial family Rhodobacteraceae, isolated from oilfield sediments of the South China Sea. This family was shown to harbor the most abundant bacteria especially from coastal and polar waters, but was also found in microbial mats, sediments and attached to ...

In many arid and semiarid regions, saline playas represent a significant source of unconsolidated sediments available for aeolian transport, and severe saline dust storms occur frequently due to human disturbance. In this study, saline dust storms are reviewed systematically from the aspects of concept, general characteristics, conditions of occurrence, distribution and ecological impact. Our r...

We propose a theory of party competition (two parties, single-issue) where citizens acquire party membership by contributing money to a party, and where a member’s influence on the policy taken by her party is proportional to her campaign contribution. The polity consists of informed and uninformed voters: only informed voters join parties, and the party campaign chest, the sum of its received ...

We scrutinize the uniqueness issue of the equilibrium behavior of strategic customers making inter-temporal purchase decisions. We present that multiple equilibria can exist even in the simple setting where two identical customers compete for one unit of item. We prove the existence of a unique equilibrium when their valuations follow uniform distribution.

In this note we prove an existence theorem regarding friendly equilibrium points in extensive games with complete information. The friendly equilibrium points is a refinement of equilibrium points. *) Director del Instituto de Matemática Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, Ejército de los Andes 950. C.P. 5700 San Luis. Argentina **) This paper has been partially supported by a ...

This paper identifies a family of absolute consistent inequality indices using a weakly decomposable postulate suggested by Ebert. Because one member employs an Atkinson type aggregation we refer to it as the Atkinson index of consistent inequality. A second member of this family parallels the Kolm index of inequality. Two innovative features of these indices are that no specific structure is i...