This study examined the feasibility of using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to examine important domains relevant to interregulatory health processes in overweight adolescent females in their natural environments. Participants were 20 overweight adolescent females engaged in a cognitive-behavioral and motivational interviewing intervention aimed at weight loss and improving mood (11-19 y...

Thermodynamic measurements of the solvation of salts and electrolytes are relatively straightforward, but it is not possible to separate total solvation free energies into distinct cation and anion contributions without reference to an additional extrathermodynamic assumption. The present work attempts to resolve this difficulty using molecular dynamics simulations with the AMOEBA polarizable f...

Humans show considerable interindividual variation in susceptibility to weight gain in response to overeating. The physiological basis of this variation was investigated by measuring changes in energy storage and expenditure in 16 nonobese volunteers who were fed 1000 kilocalories per day in excess of weight-maintenance requirements for 8 weeks. Two-thirds of the increases in total daily energy...

BACKGROUND Substituting sugar-free for sugar-sweetened beverages reduces weight gain. This effect may be more pronounced in children with a high body mass index (BMI) because their sensing of kilocalories might be compromised. We investigated the impact of sugar-free versus sugary drinks separately in children with a higher and a lower initial BMI z score, and predicted caloric intakes and degr...

Low-barrier or short, strong hydrogen bonds have been proposed to contribute 10 to 20 kilocalories per mole to transition-state stabilization in enzymatic catalysis. The proposal invokes a large increase in hydrogen bond energy when the pKa values of the donor and acceptor (where Ka is the acid constant) become matched in the transition state (delta pKa=0). This hypothesis was tested by investi...

Abstract. Objective: Researchers have yet to explore the effect of physically interactive video game playing on energy expenditure, despite its potential for meeting current minimal daily activity and energy expenditure recommendations. Participants and Methods: Nineteen male college students—12 experienced Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) players and 7 inexperienced players— completed maximal oxyg...

HOW MUCH WEIGHT WOULD AN INDIVIDUAL GAIN BY eating an extra chocolate chip cookie every day for life? One approach to answering this question, frequently used in textbooks and scientific articles, is based on the assumption that a pound (454 g) of fat tissue has about 3500 kilocalories (kcal). Thus, a daily 60-kcal cookie would be expected to produce 0.2 kg (0.5 lb) weight gain in a month, 2.7 ...

In this presentation, we show the design of a vocabulary set for the conversion of physical quantities and a prototype application using it. The vocabulary consists of facts and rules and is formalized with the W3C Web Ontology Language (OWL) under a resource description framework (RDF). Here, facts are physical quantities of things such as the weight of the Statue of Liberty, and rules are con...

The energetics of ATP’ hydrolysis to ADP and P have been studied previously by combining either thermal (1, 2) or free energy (3-6) data for a number of chemical reactions according to the usual procedures of chemical thermodynamics. Such calculations, however, suffer from the fact that the uncertainties in each measurement are compounded in the final result. The ATPase properties of myosin off...

OBJECTIVE To describe the design, methods, and challenges encountered during a randomized clinical trial aimed to promote water intake for reducing risks of metabolic syndrome in Mexican women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized clinical trial in Cuernavaca, Mexico, overweight and obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 < 39) women, 18 - < 45 years old with an intake of sugar-sweetened beverages...