Phagocytosis is a primary defense program orchestrated by monocytes/macrophages. Unregulated phagocytosis can lead to pathological conditions. In the current study we have demonstrated that Wnt5a stimulates phagocytosis through PI3 kinase-Rac1 and lipid-raft-dependent processes. Wnt5a-mediated augmentation in phagocytosis is suppressed by blocking expression of the putative Wnt5a receptor Frizz...

The authors would like to correct panel H in Fig 3 to show the correct MFI values of PD-L1 expression on human CD4+ T cells. The error occurred during preparation of the figure for manuscript revision. The percentages of infected CD4 cells expressing PD-L1 were accidentally duplicated from panel I in Fig 3. Please see the corrected version of Fig 3 here. open access article distributed under th...

A partial order P = (X; < P) is a semi-order if it is an interval order admitting an interval representation such that all the intervals are of unit length. The semi-order dimension of P is the smallest k for which there exist k semi-order extensions of P which realize P. In HKM] the question whether semi-order dimension is a comparability invariant was posed. We prove that for k = 2 this is th...

suicide has been regarded as a great sin in different religions. since 1791, two years after the french revolution, the criminality of suicide was removed in france as people are regarded free which could decide about themselves. euthanasia or mercy killing is the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being for his or her alleged benefit. if death is not intended, it is no...

The new medicinal compound bedaquiline (BDQ) kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis by inhibiting F1Fo-ATP synthase. BDQ is bacteriostatic for 4 to 7 days and kills relatively slowly compared to other frontline tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Here we show that killing with BDQ can be improved significantly by inhibiting cytochrome bd oxidase, a non-proton-pumping terminal oxidase. BDQ was instantly bacteric...

The fungus, Candida albicans, and the bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are opportunistic human pathogens that have been coisolated from diverse body sites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppresses C. albicans proliferation in vitro and potentially in vivo but it is the C. albicans hyphae that are killed while yeast cells are not. We show that hyphal killing involves both contact-mediated and soluble...

p13 gene was first described in Leucania separata multinuclear polyhedrosis virus (Ls-p13) several years ago, but the function of P13 protein has not been experimentally investigated to date. In this article, we indicated that the expression of p13 from Heliothis armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (Ha-p13) was regulated by both early and late promoter. Luciferase assay demonstrat...

The killing of Listeria monocytogenes following exposure to low pH, organic acids, and osmotic stress was enhanced by the addition of 5% (vol/vol) ethanol. At pH 3, for example, the presence of this agent stimulated killing by more than 3 log units in 40 min of exposure. The rate of cell death at pH 3.0 was dependent on the concentration of ethanol. Thus, while the presence 10% (vol/vol) ethano...