b a ckground: the aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency and practicality of seven trappingmethods for adult phlebotominae sand flies. the results of this investigation provide information to determine the species composition and nocturnal activity pattern of different sand fly species. m e t hods: the study was carried out in both plain region (about 5km far from northeast...

background phlebotomus papatasi and p. salehi are reported as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southeast of iran. seasonal activity of these species is different in zoogeographical zones and must be known well for better management of the disease. objectives to determine the nocturnal activity of sand flies and their leptomonad infection rates. materials and methods a cross-sectional study...

Leishmania synthesize abundant phosphoglycan-containing molecules made up of [Gal-Man-PO(4)] repeating units, including the surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG), and the surface and secreted proteophosphoglycan (PPG). The vector competence of Phlebotomus duboscqi and Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies was tested using L. major knockout mutants deficient in either total phosphoglycans (lpg2(-) or lpg5A...

Chemical ablation is an effective tool for studying nervous system development and function in Drosophila. Hydroxyurea (HU) inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, blocking DNA synthesis, and killing dividing cells. The specificity of HU ablation is thus dependent on developmental events. In this respect, HU is useful in determining temporal patterns of neuroblast proliferation and the origins of ne...

Maternally transmitted endosymbionts of insects are ubiquitous in nature and play diverse roles in the ecology and evolution of their hosts. To persist in host lineages, many symbionts manipulate host reproduction to their advantage (e.g. cytoplasmic incompatibility and male-killing), or confer fitness benefits to their hosts (e.g. metabolic provisioning and defense against natural enemies). Re...

In previous research, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by various bacteria into the chemosphere were suggested to play a significant role in the antagonistic interactions between microorganisms occupying the same ecological niche and between bacteria and target eukaryotes. Moreover, a number of volatiles released by bacteria were reported to suppress quorum-sensing cell-to-cell communi...

during a study on fauna of the frit flies (diptera: chloropidae) in khorasan razavi province (iran) in 2014 and 2015, nine species of six genera were collected and identified. platycephala rugosa (nartshuk, 1964) is recorded for the first time for iranian fauna. geographical distribution and biological notes are provided.

leishmaniasis has long been known as a significant public health challenge in many parts of iran. phlebotomus pa­patasi and p. sergent i are the vectors of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis and anthroponotic cutaneous leish­maniasis respectively, and 5 species of sand flies including p. kandelakii , p. neglectus , p. perfiliewi , p. keshishiani and p. alexandri are considered as probable vectors...

background: cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in many parts of iran. this study was conducted to investigate the fauna and some biologic factors of sand flies and detect cl vector(s) in kharameh district which is one of the most important foci of the disease in fars province, southern iran.   methods: to identify the fauna, a total of 1549 sand flies were collected from april 2014 to marc...