As the number of systems which offer annotations on digital documents increases, robust anchoring of annotations is a key challenge. It is especially important if the annotator lacks write-access to the document being annotated. For example, if someone makes an annotation on a web page today and the web page changes tomorrow, what happens to the annotation? One approach is simply to “orphan” th...

Global software development (GSD) is considered as the coordinated activities of software development that are geographically and temporally distributed. The management of architectural knowledge, specifically, architectural design decisions (ADDs), becomes important in GSD due to the geographical, temporal, and cultural challenges in global environments. Based on our previous work on ADD manag...

This paper shows a circuit to emulate the operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell. The values of equation is based on data sheet in the Standard Condition Measurement (SCM), this model allows emulate PV cell, including effects due to variations of irradiance receiver and temperature of cell. The generic model is the same for all types of PV cells, only can used the same equations including variab...