We investigate the effect of synoptic-scale weather patterns on observed maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) surface ozone over the eastern United States during 1980–2012 in summer (June–August, JJA). Zonally averaged, the relative standard deviation (SD) of daily MDA8 JJA ozone shows a bimodal structure, with peaks at 28–32 and 40–45 N, and we show that those regions are most influenced by the...

The CD complexity of a stringx is the length of the shortest polynomial time program which accepts only the string x. The language compression problem consists of giving an upper bound on the CDA n complexity of all strings x in some set A. The best known upper bound for this problem is 2 log(jjA njj) + O(log(n)), due to Buhrman and Fortnow. We show that the constant factor 2 in this bound is o...

The aim of this study is to simulate the impact mineral dust emissions from Sahel–Saharan zone on temperature extremes over Sahel. To achieve goal, we performed two numerical simulations: one with standard version regional climate model RegCM4 (no run) and another same incorporating a module (dust run). difference between both versions allowed isolate impacts extremes. results show that accumul...

Abstract. Carbon and water cycle dynamics of vegetation are controlled primarily by photosynthesis stomatal conductance (gs). Our goal is to improve the representation these key physiological processes within JULES land surface model, with a particular focus on refining temperature sensitivity photosynthesis, impacting modelled carbon, energy fluxes. We test (1) an implementation Farquhar et al...

Central equatorial Africa is deficient in long-term, ground-based measurements of rainfall; therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of three high-resolution, satellite-based rainfall products in western Uganda for the 2001–10 period. The three products are African Rainfall Climatology, version 2 (ARC2); African Rainfall Estimation Algorithm, version 2 (RFE2); and 3B42 from th...

In this study a new conceptual model for partial duration series analysis was applied to determine the likely rainfall of the monsoon season and the pattern of rainfall events distribution. Example case study was carried out with rainfall data of semiarid area, Agra, India, experiencing extremes of yearly rainfall; ranging between high (1200 mm) to low (300 mm). The coefficient values for the e...

We study the propagation properties of a single vortex in square Josephsonjunction arrays (JJA) with free boundaries and subjected to an applied dc current. We model the dynamics of the JJA by the resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) equations. For zero Stewart-McCumber parameter βc we find that the vortex always escapes from the array when it gets to the boundary. For βc ≥ 2.5 ...

Soil moisture is the vital component of the hydrological cycle and its variability is largely uncertain in the upcoming decades. In this paper the future projections of soil moisture changes over South Asia have been analyzed on both annual and seasonal basis from 2020-2050. The comparison of 24 CMIP5 (Coupled Model Inter comparison Project Phase 5) models with GLDAS (Global Lad Data Assimilati...

Precipitation-gauge observations and atmospheric reanalysis are combined to develop an analoguemethod for detecting heavy precipitation events based on prevailing large-scale atmospheric conditions. Combinations of atmospheric variables for circulation (geopotential height and wind vector) and moisture (surface specific humidity, column and up to 500-hPa precipitable water) are examined to cons...