The emergence of integrated watershed management (IWM) in several countries throughout the world reflects a growing recognition of the multiple—often competing—uses of water, and the increased awareness of the interrelationships of water systems with other physical and socioeconomic systems. There are many different definitions and descriptions of the concept. Margerum and Born (1995, 377) cont...

Integrated weed management (IWM) advocates the use of a combination of preventive, cultural, mechanical, and chemical tools to keep weed pressure below threshold levels that reduce yields and profits. Herbicide tolerant crops (HTCs) represent a relatively new weed control technology that can be used in an integrated weed management program. These crops, which enhance weed control options and gr...

The Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) processes great application potential in In-Wheel Motor (IWM) electric vehicles (EV). However the problem of vibration and noise is always a disadvantage of this kind of motor. By utilizing the analytical Fourier fitting method, a convenience method for modeling In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor (IW SRM) is proposed for EV applications. And the negative vibr...

Historically the main objectives of waste management have been to dispose of society’s waste and to protect public health. Increasing public awareness of environmental issues has added sustainability to this list. Solid waste management needs to be environmentally sustainable to reduce overall environmental burdens, and economically acceptable for all sectors of the community served. Integrated...

'l'hl~ cl~.~I~Lrat,iv(~tlc,ss of relational query Iilll~U~@?S is vl*ry ;tttr:tctivc, for dcvt?loping applications. However, IIIA~I~ al~l)licatioiir; also i~ctl to invoke externill func(.ions or to access data that is not stored in the cl;~t.;rh;rsc*. It is IIOI. hard to express ref(xreuces 1.0 such IibrcGgn functions in the query language. However, the isslm ol’ wsl.-Iswxl optimization of relat...

This paper presents the infectious watermarking model (IWM) for the protection of video contents that are based on biological virus modeling by the infectious route and procedure. Our infectious watermarking is designed as a new paradigm protection for video contents, regarding the hidden watermark for video protection as an infectious virus, video content as host, and codec as contagion medium...

Amongst the 100 described species worldwide of the genus Scirtothrips, the South African Citrus Thrips, S. aurantii Faure, has been considered unique because the males possess a comb of stout setae on the hind femora (Hoddle & Mound, 2003). A new species that shares this character state is described here from Cedrus (Pinaceae) in Kenya, although no information is available for either species co...

The challenges of grass-weed control in a mild Atlantic climate, added to by the use non-inversion tillage and limited herbicide options necessitated on-farm knowledge acquisition on grass weeds Ireland. We surveyed 103 farms from 2020 2021 which, 62 were plough-based 41 tillage. survey comprised questionnaire determine grower demographics, challenges, adoption integrated methods (IWM); grid-sq...

Pests and weeds can develop resistance to pesticides and herbicides soon after they are introduced. This is demonstrated by early reports of insecticide resistance (Melander, 1914) and herbicide resistance (Ryan, 1970). In some cases the first observations of resistance to a particular herbicide have occurred around the same time as its local commercial release (e.g., Heap & Knight, 1990). In o...