This paper presents news problems linked to the increasing use of virtual spaces in the building of new types of manufacturing what is currently called Virtual Manufacturing (VM). VM has many consequences in the activity of industrial companies whatever be size, economic sector or geographical area. Particular attention is paid on virtual spaces, manufacturing and collaboration, skills matrix a...

After a definition of e-science and the Grid, the paper begins with an overview of the technological context of Grid developments. NASA's Information Power Grid is described as an early example of a 'prototype production Grid'. The discussion of e-science and the Grid is then set in the context of the UK e-Science Programme and is illustrated with reference to some UK e-science projects in scie...

Firms often find it necessary to offer variety of products in order to compete in existing and emerging product market segments. The extreme requirement of this trend is that of mass customization. An important principle is to mitigate costs due to variety and manage complexity in order to achieve efficiency level similar to that of mass production. A systematic and fundamental strategy to achi...

The major risks associated with coronary disease are angina, acute myocardial infarction, reduced cardiac function as manifest by depressed left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure, and sudden arrhythmogenic cardiac death. During the past three decades, considerable advances have been made in the management of patients with coronary heart disease with betablockers, calciu...

It is shown that the classical laws of thermodynamics require that mechanical systems must exhibit energy that becomes unavailable to do useful work. In thermodynamics, this type of energy is called entropy. It is further shown that these laws require two metrical manifolds, equations of motion, field equations, and Weyl’s quantum principles. Weyl’s quantum principle requires quantization of th...

The seesaw mechanism is introduced and some of its different realizations and applications are discussed. It is pointed out how they can be used to understand the bi-large mixing patterns among neutrinos in combination with the assumptions about high scale physics such as grand unification or quasidegeneracy of neutrino masses.