A direct transformation of N-aryl formamides to the corresponding carbamates via the formation of isocyanate intermediates is achieved in good yields using hypervalent iodine as an oxidant.

Intermolecular [2+2+1] cycloaddition which incorporates an alkyne, an isocyanate, and an alkene into a γ-butyrolactam proceeds with nickel catalyst.

THREE DIISOCYANATES CAN CAUSE OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA (OA): toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 4,4 diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). We analyzed potential biomarkers of isocyanate-induced OA, based on investigated immunologic, genetic, neurogenic, and protein markers, because there is no serological testing method. The prevalence of serum IgG to cytokeratin (CK)...

With the current trend of increasing efforts to develop non-isocyanate-based polyurethanes (NIPUs), this study aimed check feasibility development a method using cyclic carbonate modified catechin and amine synthesis non-isocyanate urethane with objective further extend these results polyurethane synthesis. The methods used in consist four steps: glycidilation catechin, hydrolysis epoxide, synt...

An important challenge in the artificial fixation of N2 is to find atom efficient transformations that yield value-added products. Here we explore the coordination complex mediated conversion of ubiquitous species, CO and N2, into isocyanate. We have conceptually split the process into three steps: (1) the six-electron splitting of dinitrogen into terminal metal nitrido ligands, (2) the reducti...

Isocyanate-terminated adhesive amphiphilic block copolymers are attractive materials to treat meniscus tears due to their tuneable mechanical properties and good adhesive characteristics. However, a drawback of this class of materials is their relatively long curing time. In this study, we evaluate the use of an amine cross-linker and addition of catalysts as two strategies to accelerate the cu...

Polyurethane cationomers were synthesised in the reaction of 4,4'-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with polyoxyethylene glycol (M = 2,000) or poly(tetrafluoroethyleneoxide-co-difluoromethylene oxide) α,ω-diisocyanate and N-methyl diethanolamine. Amine segments were built-in to the urethane-isocyanate prepolymer in the reaction with 1-bromobutane or formic acid, and then they were converted to al...

Male rats and male mice received a single 2-hr exposure to 0 (control), 10, or 30 ppm of methyl isocyanate and were sacrificed after 1, 3, 14, or 90 days to assess the ultrastructural changes in the nasal mucosa by transmission electron microscopy. One day after exposure to methyl isocyanate, there were widespread areas of necrosis and degeneration of the respiratory and olfactory epithelium of...

Complaints of respiratory symptoms amongst workers in a factory using isocyanate to produce polyurethane foam led to a study of changes in ventilatory capacity in the course of several working days. Mean decreases of the order of 018 1. were observed in the forced expiratory volume at one second in 15 employees during each of three normal working shifts. No significant change occurred on days w...