BACKGROUND The current study evaluates the mortality of 2,354 workers first employed at a Baltimore chromate production plant between 1950 and 1974. METHODS The National Death Index (NDI Plus) was used to determine vital status and cause of death. Cumulative chromium (VI) exposure and nasal and skin irritation were evaluated as risk factors for lung cancer mortality. RESULTS There are 91,18...

We evaluated the airway irritation of isoprene, isoprene/ozone, and isoprene/ozone/nitrogen dioxide mixtures using a mouse bioassay, from which we calculated sensory irritation, bronchial constriction, and pulmonary irritation. We observed significant sensory irritation (approximately 50% reduction of mean respiratory rate) by dynamically exposing the mice, over 30 min, to mixtures of isoprene ...

The potential for chemicals to cause skin corrosion or skin irritation is an important consideration in establishing procedures for the safe handling, packing and transport of chemicals. The determination of skin corrosion and irritation potential is therefore included in international regulatory requirements for the testing of chemicals. The standard approach used involves applying the test ma...

The potential role of topical valproate (VPA) in hair regrowth has been recently suggested. However, safety reports of VPA as a topical formulation are lacking. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether VPA causes skin irritation in humans. We first performed a cell viability test and showed that VPA did not exhibit toxicity toward HaCaT keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and RBL-3H mas...

complicated and protean character, and are attributed by him to the effects of civilisation. He admits that they defy logical order, but for the sake of convenience and for easy reference, he arranges them as follows, beginning with the brain and going downwards:? " Tenderness of the Scalp (Cerebral Irritation).?This is a phenomenon which is to the head what spinal irritation is to the spine. A...

This study was conducted to determine the influence of Shopee's Viral Marketing in TikTok on consumers’ attitude at Shopee. The purpose this is explain how informativeness, entertainment, irritation, credibility viral marketing video and their attitudes video. uses quantitative methods with descriptive - causal purposes. Non-probability sampling has been used type purposive sampling. number res...

nce in a while, nearly everyone experiences the irritation of an unexpected itch or the sensation of something crawling over the skin. Other times, the irritation may feel more like an insect bite. These reactions can become so annoying for some people that they are forced to seek professional help. Even though actual pests may not have been observed, the irritation is often attributed to “bugs...

When conducting vaginal irritation studies, ovariectomized rats or rabbits are typically used according to practical reports. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of the estrus cycle in a vaginal irritation study using intact rats and ovariectomized rats, which exhibit a late diestrus-like condition, to determine whether intact rats can be useful for evaluating vaginal irritancy. Ra...

Intravenous injection of bendamustine often causes venous irritation and also deteriorates the patient's quality of life. Thus, we evaluated the risk factors associated with venous irritation induced by bendamustine in patients with follicular lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma. We also evaluated the effectiveness of intervention of changing the preparation procedure for bendamustine. All data we...

Airway irritation effects after single and repeated inhalation exposures to aerosols of beta-glucan (grifolan) were investigated in mice. In addition, the effects on serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and histopathological inflammation in the respiratory tract were studied. The beta-glucan aerosols provoked slight sensory irritation in the airways, but the response was not concentrat...