Odor discrimination times and their dependence on stimulus similarity were evaluated to test temporal and spatial models of odor representation in mice. In a go/no-go operant conditioning paradigm, discrimination accuracy and time were determined for simple monomolecular odors and binary mixtures of odors. Mice discriminated simple odors with an accuracy exceeding 95%. Binary mixtures evoking h...

Cetyl Lactate and Myristyl Lactate are the esters of lactic acid and either cetyl or myristyl alcohol. They are used in a wide variety of cosmetic products up to a maximum concentration of 25%. The acute oral LD50 of Cetyl Lactate is estimated from studies with rats to be greater than 20 g/kg. Cetyl Lactate was shown to be minimally irritating to rabbit skin and nonirritating or only slightly i...

Odor identification (OI) tests are increasingly used clinically as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to directly compare the neuronal correlates to identified odors vs. nonidentified odors. Seventeen females with normal olfactory function underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with postscanning assessment of spontaneous ...

28 Odor identification (OI) tests are increasingly used clinically as biomarkers for 29 Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to directly 30 compare the neuronal correlates to identified odors versus non-identified odors. 31 Seventeen females with normal olfactory function underwent an fMRI 32 experiment with post-scanning assessment of spontaneous un-cued OI. An even...

We compared behaviorally and physiologically the olfactory responses of slugs (Limax marginatus) that had been subjected to aversive, appetitive, or unpaired training with food odors (carrot or cucumber). In the aversive training, the slugs were exposed to the food odor as a conditioned stimulus (CS), and then quinidine sulfate solution as an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) was immediately applied...