Applying automatic control methods to irrigation canals is a way to improve the management of irrigation systems. The dynamic difficulties that involved this hydraulic systems such as non-linearity, varying time delay, and uncontrolled perturbations make the choice of a suitable automatic control method a challenge. To this purpose, this paper presents a methodology for design of decentralized ...

Microsprinkler irrigation is a potential method to alleviate soil salinization. After conducting a homogeneous, highly saline, clayey, and coastal soil from the Bohai Gulf in northern China in a column experiment, the results show that the depth of the wetting front increased as the water amount applied increased, low-salinity and low-SAR enlarged after irrigation and water redistribution, and ...

BACKGROUND Open irrigation and débridement is the standard of treatment for septic arthritis of the wrist. Although isolated cases of arthroscopic irrigation and débridement have been reported, a comparison of arthroscopic and open techniques has not been performed, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of management. METHODS A retrospective comparison of ...

A water use simulation for citrus (Citrus sinensis) was used to estimate the effects of climate, soil-available water, rooting depth, allowable depletion of available water, and partial coverage irrigation on the annual irrigation requirements. The soil in the study was excessively drained Candler sand (hyperthermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamments) of the Central Florida Ridge. Variation of an...

addressing deficit irrigation scheduling (dis) for strategic crop production (especially wheat) under precipitation uncertainty is a priority for irrigation scheduling in drought conditions. this research investigated the precipitation uncertainty by enacting optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the next 20 years by considering the statistical record of climate in badjgah area. dis was cond...

Geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) were performed to characterize the spatial variability of soil water characteristics in western semiarid area of Heilongjiang Province and delineate the spatial distributions of the variables. On the basis of data source spatial distribution and professional knowledge, the study site was divided into four irrigation management zones. Then st...

Addressing deficit irrigation scheduling (DIS) for strategic crop production (especially wheat) under precipitation uncertainty is a priority for irrigation scheduling in drought conditions. This research investigated the precipitation uncertainty by enacting optimistic and pessimistic scenarios for the next 20 years by considering the statistical record of climate in Badjgah area. DIS was cond...

AIM The efficacy of rectal irrigation (RI) was assessed in patients with various functional bowel disorders. METHOD A prospective analysis was carried out of patients presenting to our functional bowel clinic from 2005 to 2009. The Cleveland Clinic Constipation and Incontinence Scores were used to assess outcomes following rectal irrigation. Patients were asked if they were satisfied with RI ...

The ROBODOC system is a promising new method for removing cement with high-speed milling. Heat is generated during the milling process. This study was designed to measure temperatures in the cutting area, and to assess the risk of heat injury and the effectiveness of irrigation. We measured temperatures at the bone-cement cutting area in three experimental settings, two involving the proximal a...