background in islamic countries alcohol consumption is considered as against religious values. therefore, estimation of frequency of alcohol consumptions using direct methods is prone to different biases. in this study, we indirectly estimated the frequency of alcohol use in iran, in network of a representative sample using network scale up (nsu) method.   methods in a national survey, about 40...

background: this study explores the level of occupational stress and main sources of occupational and personal stress among rural health workers (rhw) of the health network of mashhad district. method: the first part of the occupational stress inventory (osi) (called the occupational roles questionnaire (orq)) was used to measure the rural health workers occupational stress (n=172). a number of...

background: more than a billion people have some form of disabilities worldwide. persons living with a disability have many needs (including physically, mentally, and socially needs). estimating the size of disabled population is a challenge in health systems. an innovative indirect method to estimate the size of populations is network scale up (nsu) having widely used for hidden populations. t...

Evaluation and modification of Aphrodite precipitation network in estimating monthly annual central parts Iran

Wind energy has been well recognized as renewable resource in electricity generation. In this paper, a novel hybrid approach is proposed for wind speed forecasting in a Rostamabad in Iran, from 2002 to 2004. The proposed approach is based on the combination of particle swarm optimization and adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system (PSO-ANFIS). The 10-minute average wind speed data from Ro...

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) have been recognised as a vital means for providing value added services over future ATM-based IBC networks. The multi-operator, multi-provider nature of the deregulated telecommunications market imposes requirements for one-stop shopping, complaining and accounting. The VPN concept aims at meeting these requirements and, moreover, advancing the current telecommu...

diversity, accessibility and reliability are the three main factors governing the adoption of information sources by farmers in rural areas. based on the research hypothesis, the existing knowledge and information delivery system in the agricultural sector, functions far below the ever changing nature and tangible needs of existing farming systems. the main objective in this study is to determi...

background: due to embargoes and sanctions from 1979 until 2015, impact on scientific research in iran may be critical. public health is the main example of this burning point. in this paper, the aim was to map the scientific research in public health in iran until 2014 with area studies as well as networks of countries involved. methods: we used bibliographic analyses using vos viewer software...

background abortions are of major public health concern in developing countries. in settings in which abortion is highly prohibited, the direct interview is not a reliable method to estimate the abortion rate. the indirect estimation methods to measure the rate of abortion might overcome this dilemma; they are practical methods to estimate the size of the hidden group who do not agree to partic...