There is a great deal of uncertainty on how low (≤ 0.1 Gy) doses of ionizing radiation (IR) affect human cells, partly due to a lack of suitable experimental model systems for such studies. The uncertainties arising from low-dose IR human data undermine practical societal needs to predict health risks emerging from diagnostic medical tests' radiation, natural background radiation, and environme...

In Drosophila, heterozygosity in the pro-apoptotic gene hid significantly reduces apoptosis that is induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Therefore, mechanisms that regulate Hid levels can potentially contribute to life-or-death decision of an irradiated cell. 3'UTR of hid mRNA contains 5 potential binding sites for bantam microRNA. Ectopic expression of ban attenuated apoptosis that results from...

Pyrophilous jewel beetles of the genus Melanophila approach forest fires and there is considerable evidence that these beetles can detect fires from great distances of more than 60 km. Because Melanophila beetles are equipped with infrared receptors and are also attracted by hot surfaces it can be concluded that these infrared receptors are used for fire detection.The sensitivity of the IR rece...

The effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on the temporal transcriptional response of lymphoblastoid cells were investigated in this study. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to assess mRNA levels of genes in lymphoblastoid cells at various time points within 24 h following gamma-irradiation. We identified 319 and 816 IR-responsive genes following 3 Gy and 10 Gy of IR exposure, respectively, with...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previously, we have reported that 2-benzoyl-3-phenyl-6,7-dichloroquinoxaline 1,4-dioxide (DCQ) is a radiosensitizer. Here, we investigate the mechanism of radiosensitization. MATERIALS AND METHODS EMT6 cells were treated with DCQ for 4h prior to ionizing radiation (IR). Flow cytometry, clonogenic assay, TUNEL, and Western blotting were performed to assess the effect of ...

We study the time-dependence of Hawking radiation for a black hole in Unruh vacuum, and find that it is not robust against certain UV IR effects. If there cutoff at Planck scale, turned off after scrambling time. In absence cutoff, sensitive to through UV/IR connection due higher-derivative interactions effective theory. Furthermore, with background contribute large amplitude particle creation ...

Radiation therapy is one of the cornerstones of cancer treatment. In tumor cells, exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) provokes DNA damages that trigger various forms of cell death such as apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and mitotic catastrophe. IR can also induce cellular senescence that could serve as an additional antitumor barrier in a context-dependent manner. Moreover, accumula...

Radiation therapy is a staple treatment for pancreatic cancer. However, owing to the intrinsic radioresistance of pancreatic cancer cells, radiation therapy often fails to increase survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Radiation impedes cancer cells by inducing DNA damage, which can activate cell cycle checkpoints. Normal cells possess both a G1 and G2 checkpoint. However, cancer cells are of...

PURPOSE Flavopiridol, a small molecule pan-cyclin inhibitor, has been shown to enhance the radiation response of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. The clinical utility of flavopiridol, however, is limited by toxicity, previously attributed to pleiotropic inhibitory effects on several targets affecting multiple signal transduction pathways. Here we used zebrafish embryos to investigate radi...

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) plays a critical role in DNA damage repair, especially in non-homologous end-joining repair of double-strand breaks such as those formed by ionizing radiation (IR) in the course of radiation therapy. Regulation of DNA-PK involves multisite phosphorylation but this is incompletely understood and little is known about protein phosphatases relative to DNA-PK. ...