BACKGROUND Recent evidence links aberrant activation of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling with the pathogenesis of several cancers including medulloblastoma, basal cell, small cell lung, pancreatic, prostate and ovarian. This investigation was designed to determine if inhibition of this pathway could inhibit serous ovarian cancer growth. METHODOLOGY We utilized an in vivo pre-clinical model of serous o...

BACKGROUND The destructive plant disease potato late blight is caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. This disease has remained particularly problematic despite intensive breeding efforts to integrate resistance into cultivated potato, largely because of the pathogen's ability to quickly evolve to overcome major resistance genes. The RB gene, identified in the w...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether the addition of two biological markers (MYC and BCL-2 protein overexpression) improves the stratification of high-risk patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). METHOD Seven risk factors were identified at diagnosis, and a maximum of 7 points were assigned to each patient. The patients were classified according to four risk groups: low (0-1), low-interme...

A requisite step for canonical Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) ligand is accumulation of Smoothened (Smo) to the primary cilium (PC). Activation of the Hh pathway has been implicated in a broad range of cancers, and several Smo antagonists are being assessed clinically, one of which is approved for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. Recent reports demonstra...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with primary involvement of mediastinal lymph nodes is a separate nosological entity that should be distinguished from primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma. In most cases, DLBCL with primary involvement of the mediastinum has a poor prognosis. International Prognostic Index IPI (age, Ann Arbor clinical stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performan...

During flight, auditory feedback causes horseshoe bats to adjust the duration and repetition rate of their vocalizations in a context-dependent manner. As these bats approach a target, they make finely graded adjustments in call duration and interpulse interval (IPI), but their echolocation behavior is also characterized by abrupt transitions in overall temporal calling patterns. We investigate...

OBJECTIVES Isolated proximal-without-distal (buttock but not calf) exercise-related lower-limb ischemia (IPI) might develop in the presence of arterial lesions impairing the blood flow supply toward the hypogastric vascular bed. In IPI, lower-limb sensory nerve dysfunction might occur from the sacral nerve plexus becoming ischemic during exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare patien...

Neuromuscular endurance during electrical stimulation may be enhanced if naturally occurring motor unit firing patterns are used. Variability in the interpulse interval (IPI) distribution may enable brief periods of rest and optimization of force output. Nine individuals participated in three 3-minute fatigue protocols of the thenar muscles elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the median ner...

BACKGROUND Sipuleucel-T (SIP-T), which functions by stimulating cancer-specific dendritic cells, prolongs survival in men with prostate cancer. Ipilimumab (IPI) achieved a borderline survival advantage in a large randomized trial. SIP-T and IPI are potentially synergistic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine men with progressive metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were treated prospec...

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients on opioid analgesic have an increased incidence of postoperative respiratory complications; prevention of these may be possible with appropriate post-operative monitoring. We recruited 4 OSA patients who had general anaesthesia for orthopaedic and septoplasty surgery. They required Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) or oral opioids in the post-operative p...