Multicasting has become increasingly important with the emergence of Internet-based applications such as IP telephony, audio/video conferencing, distributed databases and software upgrading. IP multicasting is an efficient way to distribute information from a single source to multiple destinations at different locations. In practice IP is considered as a layer 3 protocol. Multiprotocol Label Sw...

The aim of this paper is to study the effects of Triangle Routing and Mobile IP handoffs on TCP Performance. The majority of Internet hosts today do not comply with the considerations for routing optimisation. This means that until the wide deployment of next generation Internet hosts, triangle routing will be a permanent effect to Internet mobile communications. For Mobile IP handoffs it is de...

An IP Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) may traverse both label switching (i.e., Multiprotocol Label Switching, or MPLS) and nonlabel switching regions of a network. Typically, the MDT begins and ends in non-MPLS regions, but travels through an MPLS region. In such cases, it can be useful to begin building the MDT as a pure IP MDT, then convert it to an MPLS Multipoint Label Switched Path (MP-L...

One of the most important network elements in the Internet are the routers which do relaying of IP packets. Because of growth of the Internet routers currently experience serious problems in relaying traffic in a satisfying speed. The idea of switching Internet traffic flows has recently been introduced and a new technology called IP switching has emerged. Several differing technological soluti...

Recent demonstrations of controlled switching between different ordered macroscopic states by impulsive electromagnetic perturbations in complex materials have opened some fundamental questions on the mechanisms responsible for such remarkable behavior. Here we experimentally address the question of whether two-dimensional (2D) Mott physics can be responsible for unusual switching between state...

Generalized multiprotocol label switching, also referred to as multiprotocol lambda switching, is a multipurpose control plane paradigm that supports not only devices that perform packet switching, but also devices that perform switching in the time, wavelength, and space domains. The development of GMPLS necessitates enhancements to existing IP signaling and routing protocols. An overview of t...

GMPLS (generalized multiprotocol label switching) for supporting IP over WDM networks provides quick and efficient forwarding of IP packets because it uses label swapping as a single forwarding algorithm, thus yielding low latency and enabling scaling to terabit rates. Combined ASK/FSK or ASK/DPSK modulation format for payload/label is proposed for labeling IP over WDM networks supported by GMP...

An IP Multicast Distribution Tree (MDT) may traverse both label switching (i.e., Multiprotocol Label Switching, or MPLS) and nonlabel switching regions of a network. Typically, the MDT begins and ends in non-MPLS regions, but travels through an MPLS region. In such cases, it can be useful to begin building the MDT as a pure IP MDT, then convert it to an MPLS Multipoint Label Switched Path (MP-L...

This paper presents an overview of the Wireless IP QoS. Covering wireless communications paradigms, Internet QoS including QoS provisioning at different layers, IntServ and DiffServ frameworks, as well as MultiProtocol Label Switching, Resource ReSerVation Protocol, QoS Unicast and Multicast routing. We identify some important issues for Wireless IP QoS including mobility at both macro and micr...

The ubiquity of IP has led to IP-over-WDM as the core architecture for the next-generation optical Internet. Optical Burst Switching(OBS) has been proposed to be a competitive switching technology for DWDM networks. Data channel scheduling Algorithm is one of the major challenges in OBS. The same-service-to-all model of the current Internet is inadequate for the diverse quality of service expec...