background: the effectiveness and safety of brachytherapy treatment is mainly concerned with the calibration of sources and their traceability to internationally accepted standards. secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl) does not offer calibration of ionization chambers with gamma-ray spectrum of high dose rate source 192ir . this work has been carried out to calibrate the high dose rat...

The response of an integrating ionization chamber at 10 g/cm •' depth in the atmosphere to particles of various rigidities is evaluated by using the change of ionization with latitude. This procedure yields the differential response curves at solar minimum and solar maximum and also the mean rigidity of response at any given latitude. For high latitude and Minneapolis, the mean responses are 2....

The limit of decreasing laser frequency cannot be considered independently from nondipole effects due to the increase in laser-induced continuum electron speed this limit. Therefore, work, tunneling ionization adiabatic is for an effective field that includes beyond electric-dipole term first order $1/c$, with $c$ being light. describes interaction resulting electric dipole-induced velocity and...

background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...