In this study, polystyrene ethylene butylene polystyrene (PSEBS) was functionalized to prepare mono and bipolar ion exchange membranes. In the case of the bipolar membrane, platinum was used as the intermediate layer. NaCl solution of concentration ranging from 5 g/L to 25 g/L was used as the feed solution. A commercially procured ion exchange membrane made of polystyrene divinyl benzene was al...

Crops growing in salt-affected soils may suffer from physiological droughtstress, ion toxicity, and mineral deficiency which then lead to reduced growth andproductivity. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of differentsalinity levels, i.e. ECe=3 dS m-1 (control), 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1 on wheat grainyield, yield components and leaf ion uptake. Desired salinity levels were obtainedby...

The Clinch and Powell Rivers (Virginia, USA) support diverse mussel assemblages. Extensive coal mining occurs in both watersheds. In large reaches of both rivers, major ion concentrations are elevated and mussels have been extirpated or are declining. We conducted a laboratory study to assess major ion effects on growth and survival of juvenile Villosa iris. Mussels were exposed to pond water a...

This work reveals the relationships between defects, Li-ion dynamics and dimensionality in anti-perovskite solid electrolytes. Significant increases defect concentrations ion transport are observed with decreasing from 3D to 0D.

The membrane potential, arising from uneven distribution of ions across cell membranes containing selectively permeable ion channels, is of fundamental importance to cell signaling. The necessity of maintaining the membrane potential may be appreciated by expressing Ohm's law as current = voltage/resistance and recognizing that no current flows when voltage = 0, i.e., transmembrane voltage grad...

the interaction between holo-transferin (htf) and colchicine (col) was investigated in the present of pb +2 ions under physiological conditions by using synchronous fluorescence spectra. the synchronous fluorescence spectra show a slight change of tryptophan residue micro-environment. synchronous fluorescence spectra show that the structure of the tyrosine residue environment was altered by int...

In this work, we analyze a one-dimensional steady-state Poisson-Nernst-Planck type model for ionic flow through a membrane channel with fixed boundary ion concentrations (charges) and electric potentials. We consider two ion species, one positively charged and one negatively charged, and assume zero permanent charge. A local hard-sphere potential that depends pointwise on ion concentrations is ...

Experiments involving mercury resistance mer operon-lacZ fusions, point mutations in the mercuric ion reductase merA gene, and transcomplementation have revealed that in Hg2+-resistant cells, the inducer Hg2+ concentration is rate determining for activation of transcription. mer operon expression is activated by the presence of nanomolar concentrations of Hg2+ in liquid media only when the merc...

Photocatalyst nanocomposites of ZnO/bentonite clay are synthesized by Solid-state ion exchange method. Ion exchange intercalation process of clays is used to incorporate the catalyst into the basal space of the layered structure of clays. The purpose of this study is to find a new method, which is focused on simplifying and saving time to prepare ZnO-bentonite composite with photocatalyst prope...

Urban montane valleys are often characterized by periodic wintertime temperature inversions (cold air pools) that increase atmospheric particulate matter concentrations, potentially stimulating the deposition of major ions to these snow-covered ecosystems. We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of ion concentrations in snow across urban to montane gradients in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, and ...