ABSTRACT Third-party funding is a recent yet rapidly growing phenomenon in investment arbitration. While it enables investors lacking funds to pursue remedies against States, exposes States greater risk of inability recover arbitration costs. Against this background, article examines the legal principles on security for costs and, contrary view several tribunals and commentators, argues that ca...

Abstract In the context of ongoing debates concerning reform investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism, this article critiques widely-accepted approach that seeks to fit international human rights law (IHRL) into existing structure ISDS and argues IHRL should at least be treated as ‘primus inter pares’ vis-à-vis investment law. Testing on touchstone equality, non-discrimination, an eff...