Abstract Deep brain stimulation has become a last resource procedure for severe, chronic and refractory OCD. However, the is highly invasive its efficacy must be balanced against risks it may entail. In addition, there are number of procedure-related issues that influence DBS, such as target stimulation, parameters to selected, presence comorbidities exclusion criteria, or in different OCD subt...

In recent rehabilitation, treatments include electrical stimulation and magnetic stimulation. They are transcranial (TMS), repetitive peripheral (rPMS), transcutaneous nerve (TENS), others. rPMS has been effective technique for non-invasive neuromodulation. Clinical effects of have reported such as generalized sarcopenia dysphagia, measurement rectus femoris muscle (RF), strength suprahyoid mus...

INTRODUCTION Neuromodulation (NM) is a complementary therapy for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Vagal nerve stimulation and deep brain stimulation of the anterior thalamus are established techniques and have shown their efficacy in lowering seizure frequency, but they are invasive and rarely render patients seizure-free. Non-invasive NM techniques are therefore increasingly investigated...

The main neuromodulatory methods using neurostimulation principles are described. It concerns peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), motor cortex stimulation (MSC), and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). For each method the history, pathophysiology, the principles for use and the associated diagnoses are mentioned. Spec...

Background Benefits of cervical non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) devices have been shown in episodic cluster headache and preliminarily suggested in migraine, but direct evidence of vagus nerve activation using such devices is lacking. Vagal somatosensory evoked potentials (vSEPs) associated with vagal afferent activation have been reported for invasive vagus nerve stimulation (iVNS)...

Question: What factors limit woody plant recruitment in a mosaic landscape where former agricultural lands are dominated by the invasive tree Ligustrum lucidum (Oleaceae)? Location: Subtropical northwestern Argentina. Methods: In secondary forest patches, we measured (1) tree, shrub and liana abundance in different size classes; (2) seed rain of Ligustrum and two native trees and (3) topographi...