نتایج جستجو برای: introductionmany aspect strongly influence regional climate includes localized surface processes

تعداد نتایج: 2423865  

2001
G. E. Liston R. A. Pielke

The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) has been widely used to simulate relatively short-term atmospheric processes. To perform full-year to multi-year model integrations, a climate version of RAMS (ClimRAMS) has been developed, and is used to simulate diurnal, seasonal, and annual cycles of atmospheric and hydrologic variables and interactions within the central United States during 1...

2015
Jason Beringer Lindsay B Hutley David Abramson Stefan K Arndt Peter Briggs Mila Bristow Josep G Canadell Lucas A Cernusak Derek Eamus Andrew C Edwards Bradley J Evans Benedikt Fest Klaus Goergen Samantha P Grover Jorg Hacker Vanessa Haverd Kasturi Kanniah Stephen J Livesley Amanda Lynch Stefan Maier Caitlin Moore Michael Raupach Jeremy Russell-Smith Simon Scheiter Nigel J Tapper Petteri Uotila

Savanna ecosystems comprise 22% of the global terrestrial surface and 25% of Australia (almost 1.9 million km2) and provide significant ecosystem services through carbon and water cycles and the maintenance of biodiversity. The current structure, composition and distribution of Australian savannas have coevolved with fire, yet remain driven by the dynamic constraints of their bioclimatic niche....

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008
S V Ollinger A D Richardson M E Martin D Y Hollinger S E Frolking P B Reich L C Plourde G G Katul J W Munger R Oren M-L Smith K T Paw U P V Bolstad B D Cook M C Day T A Martin R K Monson H P Schmid

The availability of nitrogen represents a key constraint on carbon cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, and it is largely in this capacity that the role of N in the Earth's climate system has been considered. Despite this, few studies have included continuous variation in plant N status as a driver of broad-scale carbon cycle analyses. This is partly because of uncertainties in how leaf-level phy...

2007
David Parker Chris Folland Adam Scaife Jeff Knight Andrew Colman Peter Baines Buwen Dong

[1] Three prominent quasi-global patterns of variability and change are observed using the Met Office’s sea surface temperature (SST) analysis and almost independent night marine air temperature analysis. The first is a global warming signal that is very highly correlated with global mean SST. The second is a decadal to multidecadal fluctuation with some geographical similarity to the El Niño–S...

2006
Y. A. Mohamed H. H. G. Savenije W. G. M. Bastiaanssen

Despite its local and regional importance, hydrometeorological data on the Sudd (one of Africa’s largest wetlands) is very scanty. This is due to the physical and political situation of this area of Sudan. The areal size of the wetland, the evaporation rate, and the influence on the micro and meso climate are still unresolved questions of the Sudd hydrology. The evaporation flux from the Sudd w...

Journal: :Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America 2011
G Darrel Jenerette Sharon L Harlan William L Stefanov Chris A Martin

Urban ecosystems are subjected to high temperatures--extreme heat events, chronically hot weather, or both-through interactions between local and global climate processes. Urban vegetation may provide a cooling ecosystem service, although many knowledge gaps exist in the biophysical and social dynamics of using this service to reduce climate extremes. To better understand patterns of urban vege...

2014
Gunnar Jungqvist Stephen K. Oni Claudia Teutschbein Martyn N. Futter

Complex non-linear relationships exist between air and soil temperature responses to climate change. Despite its influence on hydrological and biogeochemical processes, soil temperature has received less attention in climate impact studies. Here we present and apply an empirical soil temperature model to four forest sites along a climatic gradient of Sweden. Future air and soil temperature were...

Journal: :Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences 2010
Felicity Liggins Richard A Betts Bill McGuire

On palaeoclimate time scales, enhanced levels of geological and geomorphological activity have been linked to climatic factors, including examples of processes that are expected to be important in current and future anthropogenic climate change. Planetary warming leading to increased rainfall, ice-mass loss and rising sea levels is potentially relevant to geospheric responses in many geological...

2005
P. CHANG T. YAMAGATA P. SCHOPF S. K. BEHERA J. CARTON W. S. KESSLER G. MEYERS T. QU F. SCHOTT S. SHETYE S.-P. XIE

The tropical oceans have long been recognized as the most important region for large-scale ocean– atmosphere interactions, giving rise to coupled climate variations on several time scales. During the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) decade, the focus of much tropical ocean research was on understanding El Niño–related processes and on development of tropical ocean models capable of simul...

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