Several studies show an association of maternal diabetes during pregnancy with adverse offspring metabolic health. Other studies, however, suggest that this effect might be biased by obesity, which is independently associated disease and often coexistent to diabetes. We performed a prospective study in rat model test the hypothesis burden diabetic without obesity deteriorates health male offspr...

The intrauterine growth patterns for twins are characterized by normal development during the first two trimesters and reduced growth during the third trimester. According to the fetal origins hypothesis this growth pattern is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We studied cause-specific mortality of 19,986 Danish twin individuals from the birth cohorts 1870...

Obesity is associated with a broad spectrum of chronic diseases, as well as cardiovascular diseases, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Obesity during pregnancy is of major concern due to the well-known risk factors for both the mother and the child. Complications in pregnancy include recurrent miscarriages, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, thromb...

Low birth weight is associated with cardiovascular disease in adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. One possibility is that poor intrauterine nutrition “programmes” adult disease. An alternative hypothesis is that specific polymorphisms with pleiotrophic effects result in both small birth size and cardiovascular disease risk. Epidemiological evidence for a ...

Plentiful evidence now links low birth weight due to intrauterine growth restriction and increased risk of vascular disease in later adult life. This is considered to be partly the result of programming through fetal nutrition. In contrast, much less attention has been focused on the relation between adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, and ...

The global epidemics of obesity during pregnancy and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are major public health problems worldwide. Obesity and excessive GWG are related to several maternal and fetal complications, including diabetes (pregestational and gestational diabetes) and intrauterine programming of insulin resistance (IR). Maternal obesity (MO) and neonatal IR are associated with l...

Programming with an insult or stimulus during critical developmental life stages shapes metabolic disease through divergent mechanisms. Cardiovascular disease increasingly contributes to global morbidity and mortality, and the heart as an insulin-sensitive organ may become insulin resistant, which manifests as micro- and/or macrovascular complications due to diabetic complications. Cardiogenesi...

Several lines of evidence, mostly derived from animal studies, indicate that changes in fetal environment may affect renal development. Besides maternal hyperglycemia or drug exposure, that were recently found to alter nephrogenesis, changes in vitamin A supply to the fetus may prove to be responsible for most of the variations in nephron number found in the population. A low vitamin A status i...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between maternal glucose levels and intrauterine fetal adiposity distribution in women with a normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 28 weeks gestation. STUDY DESIGN We recruited 231 women with a singleton pregnancy. At 28 and 37 weeks gestation, sonographic measurements of fetal body composition were performed. Multiple regression analysis was used...