Two experiments focused on examining the influence of mastery-avoidance goals on performance improvement, and more specifically, on mastery-avoidance goals grounded in an intrapersonal standard. That is, herein, mastery-avoidance goals entail striving to avoid doing worse than one has done before. Both experiments demonstrated that in a multiple-trial context, mastery-avoidance goals are delete...

This paper reviews findings from 58 prospective studies of illicit substance use (ISU) among adolescents. It arranges 384 findings according to three types of influence (viz., social, attitudinal, and intrapersonal) and four levels of influence (viz., ultimate, distal, proximal, and immediate). The bulk of evidence reconfirms the importance of several predictors of ISU (e.g., intentions and pri...

A survey of the literature shows that there are worrying developmental issues among university students in Hong Kong. Unfortunately, universal adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs specifi cally designed for university students are grossly lacking in Hong Kong. With reference to the positive youth development approach, it is argued that promotion of intrapersonal compete...

Sidney J. Blatt's unique contribution to the study of internal representations of parental figures is delineated, and empirical research dealing with interpersonal and intrapersonal aspects of maternal representations in middle childhood is reviewed. Children's representations of mother and father, as well as of an unknown parent, provide evidence of the interconnected effects of actual interpe...

Emotion regulation is one of the major foci of study in the fields of emotion and emotional development. This article proposes that to properly study emotion regulation, one must consider not only an intrapersonal view of emotion, but a relational one as well. Defining properties of intrapersonal and relational approaches are spelled out, and implications drawn for how emotion regulation is con...

We describe using biographies in teaching a course about the intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics of science, with an emphasis on the professional and personal experiences of women in science. In our course, Life of a Psychologist: Experiences of Women in Science, students examine biographies and scientific research written by female psychologists across the main research areas of psycholog...

This study examined whether social class moderated the relationship between empowering and disempowering processes and psychological empowerment (PE) in a sample of individuals from five community organizing initiatives (N5 490). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the relationship between community participation (CP) and alienation on the intrapersonal and interactional componen...

The purpose of the research was to integrate a multidimensional approach to fear of personal death with terror management theory. In Study 1, 190 students were divided according to the manipulation of death salience and the intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects of fear of death and were asked to judge transgressions that have either intrapersonal or interpersonal consequences. Study 2 was a c...

Previous research has demonstrated that intra- and interpersonal rhythmic interlimb coordination are both constrained by the self-organizing entrainment process of coupled oscillators. Despite intra- and interpersonal coordination exhibiting the same stable macroscopic movement patterns the variability of the coordination is typically found to be much greater for inter- compared to intrapersona...

Loewenstein (1996, 2005) identifies an intrapersonal empathy gap. In the respective experiments, subjects make choices with delayed consequences. When entering the state where these consequences would unfold, they get the possibility to revise their initial choice. Revisions are more substantial when these two choices are made in different emotional states. The concept of the empathy gap sugges...