Chess players' positions in intransitive (rock-paper-scissors) relations are considered. Namely, position $A$ of White is preferable (it should be chosen if choice possible) to $B$ Black, Black $C$ White, $D$ but White. Intransitivity winningness chess considered a consequence complexity the environment - contrast with simpler games transitive only. Perfect values impossible. Euclidian metric c...

The starting point of modern social choice theory is the assumption that is the individuals are endowed with complete and transitive preference relations over the set of alternatives. Over the past 40 years a steady flow of experimental results has suggested that people tend to deviate from principles of choice stemming from the utility maximization theory. Especially in choices under risk, thi...

The article is devoted to the description of studies transitivity-intransitivity categories as a grammatical category German language.The author pays special attention question function and place accusative in sentence. It should be noted that interpretation directly related nominative. Many scientists, emphasizing crucial role not only content, but also structure However, they deny him right c...

We study intransitive temporal logic implementing multiagent’s approach and formalizing knowledge and uncertainty. An innovative point here is usage of non-transitive linear time and multi-valued models the ones using separate valuations Vj for agent’s knowledge of facts and summarized (agreed) valuation together with rules for computation truth values for compound formulas. The basic mathemati...

This paper presents a context-dependent theory of decision under risk. The relevant contextual factor is the presence of a riskless lottery in a preference comparison. The theory only deviates from expected utility if the set of options contains both riskless and risky lotteries. The main motivation for the theory is to explain the gambling effect. Contrary to previous theories of the gambling ...

Machine translation services available on the Web are getting increasingly popular. Multiple translation services are often combined for intercultural communication. Furthermore, since English is most frequently used as a hub language, it is often necessary to cascade different translation services to realize translations between non-English languages. As a result, the word sense is often chang...

We investigate how learning that an established type-level causal relationship is implemented by human agency affects people’s conceptualization of this relationship. In particular, we ask under what conditions subjects continue to perceive the original root cause as appropriate explanation for the resulting effect, and under what conditions they perceive the mediating intentional action as alt...