Six-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and -resistant (R) rats received for 2 wk an intracerebroventricular infusion of aldosterone (Aldo) (22.5 ng/h) or vehicle containing artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) with 0.15 M Na+. At 8 wk, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in conscious rats at rest, in response to air stress, and...

We examined the role of central /tand d-opioids on both neurohormonal responses and baroreceptor reflex in conscious rabbits. Both intracerebroventricular [D-Ala,JV-Me-Phe,Gly-ol]-enkephalin, a /t-selective agonist, and [D-Ala,D-Leu]-enkephalin, a 8-selective agonist, caused dose-related increases in arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity, whereas intravenous injection of the sa...

OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a regulatory peptide synthesized in the gut and the brain that plays an important role in the regulation of food intake. Both GLP-1 and exendin (Ex)-4, a long-acting GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1r) agonist, reduce food intake when administered intracerebroventricularly, whereas Ex4 is much more potent at suppressing food intake when given peripherally. It has ...

To determine the possible involvement of brain amiloride-sensitive Na+channels in Na+-induced hypertension, we investigated the effects of benzamil hydrochloride, a specific blocker of these Na+channels, on the acute pressor mechanisms of intracerebroventricular infusion of hypertonic NaCl and the continuous pressor mechanisms of Na+-induced chronic hypertension, such as deoxycorticosterone ace...

We examined the effect of streptozotocin-induced maternal diabetes of 6-day duration and 4- to 24-h intracerebroventricular and systemic hyperinsulinism on fetal brain neuropeptide Y (NPY) synthesis and concentrations. Maternal diabetes (n = 6) leading to fetal hyperglycemia (5-fold increase; P < 0.05) and normoinsulinemia caused a 40% decline (P < 0.05) in fetal brain NPY messenger RNA (mRNA) ...

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) reduces food intake and body weight and modifies body temperature when administered centrally in rats, suggesting a role in energy homeostasis. However, the mediators of PrRP's actions are unknown. The present study, therefore, first examined the possible involvement of the anorectic neuropeptides corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and the melanocortins (e....

Intracerebroventricular infusion of artificial sodium-rich cerebrospinal fluid induces increases in blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion. To examine the role of brain ouabainlike compound in these central nervous system-mediated responses, we evaluated the effects of prior intracerebroventricular injection of the Fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibody (Digibind, 10 mg/mL, 10 microL) ...

The central and peripheral cardiovascular effects of endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-3 were investigated in conscious rainbow trout. Both intracerebroventricular and intra-arterial injections of ET-1 (6.25-25 pmol) but not ET-3 (25 pmol) caused a dose-dependent increase in mean dorsal aortic blood pressure and a concomitant decrease in heart rate. The hypertensive effects induced by intra-arterial and...

Fetal swallowing and renal metabolism contribute importantly to amniotic and body fluid homeostasis. To determine central cholinergic modulation of swallowing activity and renal excretion associated with neural activity, we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, in ovine fetuses at 0.9 gestation. Fetuses were chronically prepared with thyr...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been extensively studied in the central nervous system as a survival and differentiation factor and in plasticity processes. In vitro, BDNF has been shown to stimulate cellular differentiation and neurohormones synthesis and release. We demonstrated that BDNF is a potent and specific stimulatory agent of somatostatin (SRIH) synthesis in primary cultu...