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While the presence and intensity of armed conflict is often understood as logical axiomatic causal factor flight, this article offers a more in-depth understanding myriad circumstances factors that shape forced displacement from homes communities. Based on extensive field research, schematically aggregates in Northern Ireland’s ‘Troubles’ into three broad categories; 1. Direct intimidation 2. I...

Objectives   The objective of this pilot study was to identify the type of workplace violence experienced by undergraduate paramedic and midwifery students. Methods The study used a cross-sectional methodology with the self-administered paper-based Paramedic Workplace Violence Exposure Questionnaire to elicit undergraduate paramedic and midwife responses to workplace violence whilst on clinic...

OBJECTIVE Our study was designed to explore additional outcome variables of a suicide case-control study to determine the association between sexual orientation and gender identity in suicide completion in children and adolescents. METHOD Fifty-five child and adolescent suicide victims and 55 community control subjects were assessed using semi-structured, proxy-based interviews and questionna...

BACKGROUND Sexual violence is considered a serious violation of human rights which affects mainly young women and adolescents. There is little information about the conditions under which sexual offences occur. We evaluated characteristics of sexual violence against adolescent girls and adult women. METHOD This is a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive study of sexual violence against ado...

BACKGROUND International studies have shown that some 60% of paramedics have experienced physical violence in the workplace, and between 21-78% have experienced verbal abuse. To date, there is no Australian literature describing Australian paramedics' experience of workplace violence. OBJECTIVE To identify the percentage of paramedics who had experienced six different forms of workplace viole...

Many animals resolve disputes without combat by displaying signals of potential strength during threatening displays. Presumably, competitors use each other's displays to assess their relative strengths, and current theory predicts that these signals of strength should generally be honest. We tested this prediction by investigating the relationships among morphology, performance, and social dom...

South African studies on rape culture have examined this issue in relation to heterosexuality. They demonstrate how toxic masculinity exercises sexual power by victimizing women and girls. However, little is known about manifestations of contexts where both victims perpetrators are same-sex attracted young people within intimate relationships. Thus, article extends the scope scholarly discussio...

Thanks to several previous efforts, school peer-to-peer bullying is nowadays considered a major issue for educational dynamics, research, and policy. Specifically in the field of assessment tools have been gaining ground recent years. Among them, School Bullying Questionnaire (CIE-A) stands out. This teenager-targeted scale assessing dynamics from three-factor approach (i.e., victimization, sym...