Discussions about social behavior are generally limited to fitness effects of interactions occurring between conspecifics. However, many fitness relevant interactions take place between individuals belonging to different species. Our detailed knowledge about the role of hormones in intraspecific interactions provides a starting point to investigate how far interspecific interactions are governe...

In this paper, grafting of acrylic acid monomer on Gum tragacanth was performed. Variable of experiment included concentration of initiators and monomer, time, and temperature. Grafting efficiency was measured in the term of percentage of grafting (%G) and percentage of grafting efficiency (%E). Effectiveness of grafted gum in ferrous ion removal at different condition was assessed. According t...

The way of making cross-linkable polyethylene through silane grafting has gained much attention in recentyears because of its various advantages such as easy processing, low cost and capital investment andfavorable properties in the processed materials. This work deals with silane grafting and moisture crosslinkingof linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). The grafting reaction was performed i...

Hazelnuts are usually propagated by suckers or layering. However, other methods of propagation have been tested with variable results. Grafting is a method that has a few advantages such as fast multiplication rate, earlier fruiting and reducing sucker removal cost on specific rootstocks. Unfortunately, grafting is difficult due to slow formation of callus in hazelnuts. Here, we report the hypo...

in this paper, grafting of acrylic acid monomer on gum tragacanth was performed. variable of experiment included concentration of initiators and monomer, time, and temperature. grafting efficiency was measured in the term of percentage of grafting (%g) and percentage of grafting efficiency (%e). effectiveness of grafted gum in ferrous ion removal at different condition was assessed. according t...

A fundamental goal of evolutionary ecology is to understand how asymmetric competition influences phenotype expression, yet few studies have quantified the relative effects of intraand interspecific competition on phenotypes. We examined the effects of intraand interspecific larval competition on both discrete and continuous phenotype expression of the facultatively paedomorphic mole salamander...

Molecular confirmation of interspecific recombinants is essential to overcome the issues like self-pollination, environmental influence, and inadequacy of morphological characteristics during interspecific hybridization. The present study was conducted for genetic confirmation of mungbean (female) and mashbean (male) interspecific crosses using molecular markers. Initially, polymorphic random a...

dna barcoding based on a standardized region of 648 base pairs of mitochondrial dnasequences from cytochrome c oxidase 1 (cox1) is proposed for animal species identification.recent studies suggested that dna barcoding has been effective for identifying 94% of birdspecies. the proposed threshold of 10 times the average intraspecific variation could be used forthe identification and delimitation ...

Related host species often demonstrate differences in prevalence and/or intensity of infection by particular parasite species, as well as different levels of resistance to those parasites. The mechanisms underlying this interspecific variation in parasitism and resistance expression are not well understood. Surprisingly, few researchers have assessed relations between actual levels of parasitis...

this article describes coronary artery bypass grafting by avlliath jay akrishnan et al. one of the most common reason for coronary artery bypass grafting is narrowing coronary arteries because of atherosclerosis. atherosclerosis causes chest pain (angina pectoris), myocardial infarction and sudden death. the aim of coronary artery bypass grafting is to release pain, prevention of myocardial inf...