نتایج جستجو برای: international harmonization
تعداد نتایج: 311925 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
The economic implications of international patent harmonization have attracted little empirical scrutiny. Based on patent application and renewal data in major European countries since the early 1980s, this paper examines the empirical relationship between international patenting, R&D, and “trade flows” of patent rights across national borders. The analysis reveals a substantial patent “trade i...
Universities today are increasingly competing for international students in response to trends in global student mobility, diminishing university funding and government-backed recruitment campaigns. This trend has driven the need for universities to focus on clearly articulating and developing their brand, and developing harmony within the brand architecture. This case-study of one University f...
BACKGROUND Vast sample sizes are often essential in the quest to disentangle the complex interplay of the genetic, lifestyle, environmental and social factors that determine the aetiology and progression of chronic diseases. The pooling of information between studies is therefore of central importance to contemporary bioscience. However, there are many technical, ethico-legal and scientific cha...
Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is a generic term that refers to the transferrin glycoforms whose concentration in blood is temporarily increased by sustained alcohol consumption. Due to high clinical specificity, CDT was proposed as a biomarker of heavy alcohol use and has been available for about 20 years. A number of methods have been developed for CDT measurement based on different...
The theory of regulatory competition in environmental policy predicts a 'race to the bottom' of standards. This article tests the theory using environmental output data for 24 countries from 1970 to 2005. It finds a clear 'race to the top' and a search for international harmonization when competition is imminent.
The most recent FDA (1) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) (2-4) guidance documents advocate a new paradigm of process validation based on process understanding and control of parameters and less on product testing. Consequently, the means of determining criticality has come under greater scrutiny. The FDA guidance points to a lifecycle approach to process validation (see Figur...
Commercial promotion of unsupported therapeutic uses of stem cells is a global problem that has proven resistant to regulatory efforts. Here, we suggest a coordinated approach at the national and international levels focused on engagement, harmonization, and enforcement to reduce the risks associated with direct-to-consumer marketing of unproven stem cell treatments.
Introduction —J. C. King and C. Garza ..........................................................................................................S13 Nutrient intake values (NIVs): A recommended terminology and framework for the derivation of values —J. C. King, H. H. Vorster, and D. G. Tome ...................................................................................S16 Nutrient risk asses...
Editorial I welcome all to the current issue of Pharmaceutical Methods, and thank all our contributors. The reader will find that many of the articles that are published in the current issue refer to method validation and in particular to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines as the basis for their approach. The ICH was launched in 1990, with the objective of harmonizin...
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