Recent studies reveal that transmenbrane (TM) topology (the number of TM segments (TMSs), the TMS position and the orientation of TMS to the membrane lipid bilayer) evolves by internal gene duplication [1, 6]. A large number of TM proteins, such as Bacteriorhodopsin, Na/Ca exchanger and the major facilitator superfamily, have been recognized to have internal repeats that presumably has arisen f...

let  be a graded ring and  be a graded -module. we define a topology on graded prime spectrum  of the graded -module  which is analogous to that for , and investigate several properties of the topology.

in this paper, a pointwise pseudo-metric function on the l-realline is constructed. it is proved that the topology induced by this pointwisepseudo-metric is the usual topology.

Superconducting states with different internal topology are discussed for the layered high-T c materials. If the time inversion symmetry is broken, the superconductivity is determined not only by the symmetry of the superconducting state, but also by the topology of the ground state. The latter is determined the integer-valued momentum-space topological invariant N. The current carrying boundar...

Jacobi sets have been identified as significant in multi-field topological analysis, but are defined in the domain of the data rather than in the Reeb Space. This distinction is significant, as exploiting multi-field topology actually depends on the projection of the Jacobi set into the Reeb Space, and the details of its internal structure. We therefore introduce the Jacobi Structure of a Reeb ...

Meshes are the most commonly used objects in computer graphics. They generalize polyhedra by using non-planar faces. Modeling 2-dimensional manifold meshes with a simple user interface is an important problem in computer aided geometric design. In this work we propose a conceptual framework for mesh modeling systems that guarantees topologically correct 2-dimensional manifolds. Our solution is ...

In this paper, a new circuit is proposed for step-up Z-source inverter based on QZSI (quasi-Z-source inverter). The proposed topology inherits all advantages of the conventional topology. The proposed topology in comparison with conventional topology reduces the ST (Shoot-through) duty cycle by over 25% at the same voltage boost factor. Theoretical analysis of the proposed qZSI in the ST and no...

In this paper, a new topology for cascaded multilevel inverter based on quasi-Z-source converter is proposed. In the proposed topology the magnitude of output DC voltage is not limited to the sum of magnitude of DC voltage sources. Moreover, the reliability of the circuit due to capability of short circuit by Z-source network is increased. The quasi-Z- source converter in different modes is ana...

Digital topology has been extensively investigated in the past [1]. Fundamental topology concepts such as connectivity and component have been widely applied in pattern recognition. For instance, preserving the connectivity of objects is a key issue for thinning; in order to identify objects in images, we need to detect connected components. Theoretically, a connected component is entirely encl...

We present examples of phononic structures that beak four types of symmetry, namely timereversal symmetry, parity symmetry, chiral symmetry and particle-hole symmetry. The implications of symmetry breaking on the topology of the acoustic wave function in the space of its Eigen values are discussed. Particular attention is focused on the torsional topology of acoustic waves in periodic media in ...