Introduction: Anal fissures are small tears in the lining skin of the anus presenting with typical symptoms of pain and bleeding during defecation. Several new forms of medicines such as glyceryle trinitrate (GTN) ointments and diltiazem, a calcium channel-blocking agent, have been recently used for the treatment of these fissures. Diltiazem relaxes the muscle of anal sphincter and consequently...

Floating microspheres have been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release of drug in the stomach for development of once-daily formulations. A controlled-release system designed to increase residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa was achieved through the preparation of floating microspheres by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique, using (?) calcium silicate (CS)...

One of the fastest cellular responses following activation of epidermal growth factor receptor is an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. This event is attributed to a transient Ca2+ release from internal stores and Ca2+ entry from extracellular compartment. Store-operated Ca2+ channels are defined the channels activated in response to store depletion. In the present study, we determin...

We report a polymeric micelle drug delivery system, which enables selective intracellular uptake with external thermal stimulation, and effective release of a drug at internal acidic endosomal pH. We developed a dual temperatureand pH-responsive polymeric micelle composed of a temperatureresponsive corona segment with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-dimethylacrylamide) [P(NIPAAm-coDMAAm)] and a p...

Theranostic delivery systems are nanostructures that combine the modality of therapy and diagnostic imaging. Polymeric micro- and nanobubbles, spherical vesicles containing a gas core, have been proposed as new theranostic carriers for MRI-guided therapy. In this study, chitosan nanobubbles were purposely tuned for the co-delivery of prednisolone phosphate and a Gd(III) complex, as therapeutic ...

Floating microspheres have been utilized to obtain prolonged and uniform release of drug in the stomach for development of once-daily formulations. A controlled-release system designed to increase residence time in the stomach without contact with the mucosa was achieved through the preparation of floating microspheres by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique, using (i) calcium silicate (CS)...

The main aim of this study was preparation and evaluation of extended - release system ofthe anxiolytic substance. Alprazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine with general propertiessimilar to those of diazepam. Our studies focused on development of extended drug deliverysystem based on Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC 4000cps) as retard agent andPolyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP k30) as binder us...

in the present study, floating drug delivery beads (fdds) were prepared with sodium alginate/ starch blend as a matrix, sodium hydrogen carbonate as a pore forming agent, methyl cellulose as a binder and barium chloride solution as a hardening agent. in order to prepare the beads with different porosity and morphology the ratio between pore forming agent to polymer blend and ratio of the consti...

Most works on norms in the multi-agent systems field have concentrated on how norms can be applied to regulate behaviour in agent societies using a top-down approach. In this work, we describe the internal architecture of an agent which identifies what the norm of a society is using a bottom-up approach. The agents infer norms without the norms being given to them explicitly. We demonstrate how...

The-calculus is a process algebra which originates from CCS and permits a natural modelling of mobility (i.e., dynamic reconngurations of the process linkage) using communication of names. Previous research has shown that the-calculus has much greater expressiveness than CCS, but also a much more complex mathematical theory. The primary goal of this work is to understand the reasons of this gap...