INTRODUCTION: Silicone breast implants have been used for decades for cosmetic breast augmentation or reconstruction after mastectomy1. In selected cases, postmastectomy adjuvant radiotherapy is given with the breast implants in situ. Previous clinical studies showed that adjuvant radiotherapy may lead to several complications such as capsular contracture, infection and removal of the implant.2...

A 55 year old woman with multiple myeloma presented with a pathological fracture of the right neck of femur. Following internal fixation, and during subsequent radiotherapy, she developed small bowel obstruction. Laparotomy revealed an intussusception about a small bowel myeloma deposit. This is a previously unreported cause of small bowel intussusception.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy in the radical doses can produce severe and often irreversible damage to the gut in the form of fibrosis, necrosis and fistulae formation. A previous pelvic surgery makes the gut extra-vulnerable. This is on account of adhesions to the pelvic wall, unless special care is taken during surgery to keep it out of the harms way, during adjuvant radiotherapy. These effects ra...

Both the planning systems and the form of administering radiotherapy have changed radically since the introduction of 3D planning. At present treatment planning based on computerised axial tomography (CAT) images is standard practice in radiotherapy services. In recent years lineal accelerators for medical use have incorporated technology capable of administering intensity modulated radiation b...

Radiotherapy has been, and will continue to be, a critical modality to treat cancer. Since the discovery of radiation-induced cytotoxicity in the late 19th century, both external and internal radiation sources have provided tremendous benefits to extend the life of cancer patients. Despite the dramatic improvement of radiation techniques, however, one challenge persists to limit the anti-tumor ...

A cohort study was conducted based on clinical records for 5248 women treated for breast cancer in Florence (Italy), with continuous follow up from 1965 to 1994. The subjects were categorised into groups such as no radiation treatment; breast dose only; and radiation doses in one, two, three or four of the following fields: namely internal mammary chain, supraclavicular nodes, axillary lymph no...

radiotherapy is one of the most common treatments of cancer that are used alone or with the combination of other treatments. radiotherapy are used before surgery for tumor shrinking, pain relief, wound healing or prevention of continues bleedings. in this paper, types of radiotherapy and safety principles for nurses are considered. there are three basic methods for radiotherapy: teletherapy, br...

For radiotherapy with ion beams precise information of the patient's internal anatomy is required. For moving organs such as lung or liver, time-resolved (4D) computed tomography (CT) can be applied to extract anatomical changes due to respiration of a patient. A 4DCT data set consists of several 3-dimensional (3D) CT volumes (typically 10), and each volume corresponds to the anatomical 3D imag...